Kulankhulana kwa Quantum: mamolekyulu, ma Earth osowa ndi kuwala

Ukadaulo wa chidziwitso cha quantum ndi ukadaulo watsopano wa chidziwitso wozikidwa pa makina a quantum, womwe umalemba, kuwerengera ndi kutumiza chidziwitso chakuthupi chomwe chili mudongosolo la kwantumuKupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa chidziwitso cha quantum kudzatibweretsa mu "nthawi ya quantum", ndikupeza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, njira zolumikizirana zotetezeka komanso moyo wabwino komanso wosangalatsa.

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kulumikizana pakati pa makina a quantum kumadalira luso lawo lolumikizana ndi kuwala. Komabe, n'kovuta kwambiri kupeza chinthu chomwe chingagwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu za quantum za kuwala.

Posachedwapa, gulu lofufuza ku Institute of Chemistry ku Paris ndi Karlsruhe Institute of Technology pamodzi adawonetsa kuthekera kwa kristalo yamamolekyulu yochokera ku ma ioni a rare earth europium (Eu³ +) kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu machitidwe a quantum a optical. Adapeza kuti kutulutsa kwa mzere wocheperako wa kristalo iyi ya molekyulu ya Eu³ + kumathandizira kulumikizana bwino ndi kuwala ndipo kuli ndi phindu lofunika mukulankhulana kwa quantumndi quantum computing.

Chithunzi 1: Kulankhulana kwa Quantum kochokera ku makristalo a molecular a rare earth europium

Ma quantum states amatha kuyikidwa pamwamba, kotero chidziwitso cha quantum chikhoza kuyikidwa pamwamba. Qubit imodzi imatha kuyimira nthawi imodzi mitundu yosiyanasiyana pakati pa 0 ndi 1, zomwe zimathandiza kuti deta ikonzedwe motsatizana m'magulu. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu ya makompyuta a quantum idzawonjezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makompyuta a digito. Komabe, kuti agwire ntchito zowerengera, superposition ya ma qubits iyenera kukhala yokhoza kupitilirabe kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu quantum mechanics, nthawi iyi yokhazikika imadziwika kuti coherence lifetime. Ma nucleus spins a mamolekyu ovuta amatha kukwaniritsa ma superposition states okhala ndi nthawi yayitali youma chifukwa mphamvu ya chilengedwe pa ma nucleus spins imatetezedwa bwino.

Ma ioni a rare earth ndi ma crystals a molecular ndi machitidwe awiri omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mu ukadaulo wa quantum. Ma ioni a rare earth ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a optical ndi spin, koma ndi ovuta kuwaphatikiza muzipangizo zowunikiraMa kristalo a mamolekyu ndi osavuta kuwaphatikiza, koma n'kovuta kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wodalirika pakati pa kuzungulira ndi kuwala chifukwa mipiringidzo yotulutsa mpweya ndi yayikulu kwambiri.

Ma kristalo osowa a mamolekyu a dziko lapansi omwe adapangidwa mu ntchitoyi akuphatikiza bwino ubwino wa zonsezi chifukwa, pansi pa laser excitation, Eu³ + imatha kutulutsa ma photon okhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza nuclear spin. Kudzera mu kuyesa kwa laser, mawonekedwe olondola a optical/nuclear spin angapangidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, ofufuzawo adazindikiranso kuti nuclear spin level imayang'anira, kusungira ma photon molumikizana, komanso kuchita ntchito yoyamba ya quantum.

Kuti ma quantum computing agwire bwino ntchito, ma qubits angapo olumikizidwa nthawi zambiri amafunika. Ofufuzawo adawonetsa kuti Eu³ + m'makristalo omwe ali pamwambapa amatha kukwaniritsa kulumikizidwa kwa quantum kudzera mu kulumikizana kwamagetsi osochera, motero zimathandiza kukonza chidziwitso cha quantum. Chifukwa ma crystals a mamolekyu ali ndi ma ion angapo a rare earth, kuchuluka kwa qubit kokwera kumatha kukwaniritsidwa.

Chofunika china pa quantum computing ndi kuthekera kwa ma qubits payekha. Njira yolumikizira ma optical mu ntchitoyi imatha kukweza liwiro lowerenga ndikuletsa kusokoneza kwa chizindikiro cha dera. Poyerekeza ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu, mgwirizano wa ma crystals a molecular a Eu³ + omwe adanenedwa mu ntchitoyi wakula ndi pafupifupi nthawi chikwi, kotero kuti ma nuclear spin states amatha kusinthidwa ndi optical mwanjira inayake.

Zizindikiro zowunikira ndizoyeneranso kufalitsa chidziwitso cha quantum kutali kuti zilumikize makompyuta a quantum kuti azitha kulankhulana kwa quantum kutali. Kuganizira kwina kungaphatikizidwe pakuphatikiza makristalo atsopano a Eu³ + molecular mu kapangidwe ka photonic kuti ziwonjezere chizindikiro chowala. Ntchitoyi imagwiritsa ntchito mamolekyu a rare earth ngati maziko a quantum Internet, ndipo imatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma quantum communication architectures amtsogolo.