LiNbO3 intensity modulator (mach-zehnder modulator) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina olumikizirana othamanga kwambiri, ma laser sensing ndi makina a ROF chifukwa champhamvu ya electro-optic.Mndandanda wa R-AM wozikidwa pa kapangidwe ka MZ ndi X-cut design, uli ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika a thupi ndi mankhwala, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesera ma laboratory ndi machitidwe a mafakitale.