Mfundo ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zowunikira zotulutsa kuwala

Chojambula chowala cha Diffraction ndi mtundu wa chojambula chowala chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zambiri zowala, chomwe chimachokera ku chiphunzitso cha mafunde a kuwala ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka makompyuta ndi njira yopangira ma chip a semiconductor kuti chisindikize gawo kapena kapangidwe kopitilira kopanda malire pa substrate (kapena pamwamba pa chipangizo chachikhalidwe cha kuwala). Chojambula chowala cha Diffract ndi chopyapyala, chopepuka, chaching'ono, chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zowala, madigiri angapo a ufulu wopangidwa, kukhazikika kwa kutentha bwino komanso mawonekedwe apadera obalalika. Ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri pazida zambiri zowala. Popeza kuwala nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yayikulu ya makina owala, optics yachikhalidwe nthawi zonse imayesetsa kupewa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwala mpaka m'ma 1960, ndi kupanga bwino kwa analog holography ndi hologram ya kompyuta komanso chithunzi cha gawo kunayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa lingaliro. M'ma 1970, ngakhale ukadaulo wa hologram ya kompyuta ndi chithunzi cha gawo unali kukhala wangwiro kwambiri, zinali zovutabe kupanga zinthu za hyperfine zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zowala m'mafunde owoneka komanso pafupi ndi infrared, motero zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa zinthu zowala za diffract. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, gulu lofufuza lotsogozedwa ndi WBVeldkamp kuchokera ku MIT Lincoln Laboratory ku United States linayambitsa koyamba ukadaulo wa lithography wa VLSI popanga zigawo za kuwala zotulutsa kuwala, ndipo linapereka lingaliro la "ma optics a binary". Pambuyo pake, njira zosiyanasiyana zatsopano zokonzera zinthu zikupitilirabe kuonekera, kuphatikizapo kupanga zigawo zapamwamba komanso zogwira ntchito zambiri zotulutsa kuwala. Motero zinalimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko cha zinthu zotulutsa kuwala zotulutsa kuwala.

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chinthu chowunikira chowunikira

Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa diffraction ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri poyesa zinthu zowala zosakanikirana ndi makina osakanikirana a diffractive optical ndi zinthu zowala zosakanikirana. Kuwala kukadutsa mu diffractive optical element, ma diffraction order angapo adzapangidwa. Kawirikawiri, kuwala kwa dongosolo lalikulu la diffraction kokha ndiko kumaonedwa. Kuwala kwa ma diffraction order ena kudzapanga kuwala kosochera pa chithunzi cha dongosolo lalikulu la diffraction ndikuchepetsa kusiyana kwa chithunzi. Chifukwa chake, kugwira bwino ntchito kwa diffraction kwa chinthu chowala chosakanikirana kumakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wa kujambula kwa chinthu chowala chosakanikirana.

Kupanga zinthu zowunikira zotulutsa kuwala

Chifukwa cha chinthu chowunikira chosinthasintha komanso kutsogolo kwake kosinthasintha kwa mafunde owongolera, makina ndi chipangizocho zikukula kukhala zowala, zochepetsedwa komanso zolumikizidwa. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1990, kuphunzira zinthu zowunikira zosinthasintha kwakhala patsogolo pa gawo la kuwala. Zigawozi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukonza mafunde a laser, kupanga mawonekedwe a beam, kupanga ma beam array, kulumikizana kwa optical, kuwerengera kwa optical parallel, kulumikizana kwa satellite optical ndi zina zotero.