Njira yolumikizirana ndi optoelectronic

Optoelectronicnjira yolumikizira

Kuphatikiza kwazithunzindi zamagetsi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukweza luso la makina ogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso, kupangitsa kuti deta isamutsidwe mwachangu, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso mapangidwe a zida zazing'ono, ndikutsegula mwayi watsopano waukulu wopanga makina. Njira zophatikizira nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuphatikiza monolithic ndi kuphatikiza multi-chip.

Kuphatikizana kwa monolithic
Kuphatikiza kwa monolithic kumaphatikizapo kupanga zinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi pa substrate yomweyo, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zogwirizana. Njira imeneyi imayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga kulumikizana kosalala pakati pa kuwala ndi magetsi mkati mwa chip imodzi.
Ubwino:
1. Kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kulumikizana: Kuyika ma photon ndi zida zamagetsi pafupi kumachepetsa kutayika kwa chizindikiro chokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwa off-chip.
2, Kugwira ntchito bwino: Kuphatikizana kolimba kungayambitse liwiro losamutsa deta mwachangu chifukwa cha njira zazifupi za chizindikiro komanso kuchepa kwa nthawi yochedwera.
3, Kukula kochepa: Kuphatikiza kwa monolithic kumalola zipangizo zazing'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zopanda malo ambiri, monga malo osungira deta kapena zipangizo zonyamulidwa m'manja.
4, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu: kuthetsa kufunika kwa ma phukusi osiyana ndi maulumikizidwe akutali, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri kufunikira kwa mphamvu.
Vuto:
1) Kugwirizana kwa zinthu: Kupeza zinthu zomwe zimathandiza ma elekitironi apamwamba komanso ntchito za photonic kungakhale kovuta chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimafuna makhalidwe osiyanasiyana.
2, kugwirizana kwa njira: Kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zamagetsi ndi ma fotoni pa substrate imodzi popanda kuwononga magwiridwe antchito a gawo lililonse ndi ntchito yovuta.
4, Kupanga zinthu zovuta: Kulondola kwambiri komwe kumafunika pakupanga zinthu zamagetsi ndi za photononic kumawonjezera zovuta komanso mtengo wopangira.

Kuphatikiza kwa ma chip ambiri
Njira imeneyi imalola kusinthasintha kwakukulu posankha zinthu ndi njira za ntchito iliyonse. Mu kuphatikizana kumeneku, zigawo zamagetsi ndi za photonic zimachokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana kenako zimasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndikuyikidwa pa phukusi kapena substrate yofanana (Chithunzi 1). Tsopano tiyeni tilembe njira zolumikizirana pakati pa ma chips a optoelectronic. Kulumikizana mwachindunji: Njirayi imaphatikizapo kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kulumikizana kwa malo awiri ozungulira, nthawi zambiri kumathandizidwa ndi mphamvu zolumikizira ma molecular, kutentha, ndi kupanikizika. Ili ndi ubwino wosavuta komanso kulumikizana kochepa kwambiri, koma imafuna malo olinganizidwa bwino komanso oyera. Kulumikizana kwa fiber/grating: Mu dongosololi, fiber kapena fiber array imalumikizidwa ndikulumikizidwa m'mphepete kapena pamwamba pa photonic chip, kulola kuwala kuphatikizidwa mkati ndi kunja kwa chip. Grating ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito polumikizira molunjika, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a kutumiza kuwala pakati pa photonic chip ndi ulusi wakunja. Mabowo odutsa mu silicon (TSVs) ndi ma micro-bumps: Mabowo odutsa mu silicon ndi ma vertical interconnects kudzera mu silicon substrate, kulola ma chips kuti aikidwe m'magawo atatu. Pophatikizidwa ndi mfundo zazing'ono zozungulira, zimathandiza kukwaniritsa kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pa ma chips amagetsi ndi a photonic m'makonzedwe omangidwa, oyenera kuphatikiza kwakukulu. Optical intermediary layer: Optical intermediary layer ndi substrate yosiyana yokhala ndi ma waveguides a optical omwe amagwira ntchito ngati optimizer yolumikizira ma signal a optical pakati pa ma chips. Imalola kulumikizana kolondola, komanso kungokhala chete kwinazigawo zowunikiraikhoza kuphatikizidwa kuti iwonjezere kusinthasintha kwa kulumikizana. Kulumikizana kosakanikirana: Ukadaulo wapamwamba wolumikizanawu umaphatikiza kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi ukadaulo wa micro-bump kuti ukwaniritse kulumikizana kwamagetsi kwamphamvu pakati pa ma chips ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a kuwala. Ndiwothandiza makamaka pakuphatikizana kwa optoelectronic kogwira ntchito bwino. Kulumikizana kwa solder bump: Mofanana ndi kulumikiza kwa flip chip, ma solder bump amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kulumikizana kwamagetsi. Komabe, pankhani yolumikizana kwa optoelectronic, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa zigawo za photonic zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa kutentha komanso kusunga mawonekedwe a kuwala.

Chithunzi 1: : Chida cholumikizira electron/photon chip-to-chip

Ubwino wa njira zimenezi ndi wofunika kwambiri: Pamene dziko la CMOS likupitiriza kutsatira kusintha kwa Moore's Law, zidzakhala zotheka kusintha msanga mbadwo uliwonse wa CMOS kapena Bi-CMOS kukhala chipangizo chotsika mtengo cha silicon photonic chip, zomwe zidzakubweretserani zabwino kwambiri mu photonics ndi zamagetsi. Chifukwa chakuti photonics nthawi zambiri sifunikira kupanga zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri (kukula kwakukulu kwa ma nanometers pafupifupi 100 ndi kofala) ndipo zipangizo zimakhala zazikulu poyerekeza ndi ma transistors, kuganizira zachuma kudzapangitsa kuti zipangizo za photonic zipangidwe mosiyana, zosiyana ndi zamagetsi apamwamba omwe amafunika pa chinthu chomaliza.
Ubwino:
1, kusinthasintha: Zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito padera kuti zikwaniritse bwino kwambiri zida zamagetsi ndi za photonic.
2, kukhwima kwa njira: kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zinthu zokhwima pa gawo lililonse kungathandize kupanga zinthu mosavuta ndikuchepetsa ndalama.
3, Kusintha ndi kukonza kosavuta: Kulekanitsa zigawo kumalola kuti zigawo payokha zisinthidwe kapena kukonzedwa mosavuta popanda kukhudza dongosolo lonse.
Vuto:
1, kutayika kwa kulumikizana: Kulumikizana kwa off-chip kumabweretsa kutayika kwina kwa chizindikiro ndipo kungafunike njira zovuta zolumikizirana.
2, kuwonjezeka kwa zovuta ndi kukula: Zigawo za chinthu chilichonse zimafuna kulongedza ndi kulumikizana kwina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazikulu komanso ndalama zambiri.
3, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri: Njira zazitali zolumikizirana ndi ma phukusi ena zitha kuwonjezera mphamvu poyerekeza ndi kuphatikiza kwa monolithic.
Mapeto:
Kusankha pakati pa kuphatikiza kwa monolithic ndi multi-chip kumadalira zofunikira pa ntchito, kuphatikizapo zolinga za magwiridwe antchito, zoletsa kukula, kuganizira za mtengo, ndi kukhwima kwa ukadaulo. Ngakhale kuti kupanga zinthu n'kovuta, kuphatikiza kwa monolithic ndi kwabwino pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kutumiza deta mwachangu. M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza kwa multi-chip kumapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakupanga ndipo kumagwiritsa ntchito luso lomwe lilipo popanga zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale loyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pomwe zinthuzi zimaposa ubwino wa kuphatikiza kolimba. Pamene kafukufuku akupita patsogolo, njira zosakanikirana zomwe zimaphatikiza zinthu za njira zonse ziwiri zikufufuzidwanso kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito a makina pamene zimachepetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi njira iliyonse.