Module yolumikizira ya lithiamu niobate electro-optic modulator yapamwamba kwambiri

Kulunjika kwakukulumodulator yamagetsindi kugwiritsa ntchito photon ya microwave
Chifukwa cha kufunika kowonjezereka kwa njira zolumikizirana, kuti apititse patsogolo luso lotumiza ma siginecha, anthu adzaphatikiza ma photon ndi ma elekitironi kuti apeze zabwino zowonjezera, ndipo ma microwave photonics adzabadwa. Chosinthira magetsi ndi kuwala chikufunika kuti magetsi asinthe kukhala kuwala mumakina ojambulira zithunzi a microwave, ndipo sitepe yofunikayi nthawi zambiri imatsimikizira momwe dongosolo lonse limagwirira ntchito. Popeza kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha ma radio frequency kukhala optical domain ndi njira ya analog signal, ndipo yachizolowezima modulators amagetsi ndi kuwalaPopeza kuti ma module amenewa ndi osalunjika, pamakhala kusokonekera kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro pakusintha kwa mawu. Kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kwa mzere, malo ogwirira ntchito a module nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo olunjika, koma sangakwaniritse zofunikira za microwave photon link kuti module ikhale yolunjika. Ma module a electro-optic okhala ndi mzere wolunjika kwambiri amafunika mwachangu.

Kusinthasintha kwa refractive index ya zinthu za silicon nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi mphamvu ya free carrier plasma dispersion (FCD). Mphamvu ya FCD ndi PN junction modulation zonse sizili mzere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti silicon modulator ikhale yocheperako kuposa lithiamu niobate modulator. Zinthu za lithiamu niobate zimawoneka bwino kwambiri.kusintha kwa magetsi ndi kuwalamakhalidwe ake chifukwa cha mphamvu zake za Pucker. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu za lithiamu niobate zili ndi ubwino wa bandwidth yayikulu, makhalidwe abwino a modulation, kutayika kochepa, kuphatikiza kosavuta komanso kugwirizana ndi njira ya semiconductor, kugwiritsa ntchito thin film lithium niobate kupanga electro-optical modulator yogwira ntchito kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi silicon pafupifupi "short plate", komanso kukwaniritsa linearity yayikulu. Thin film lithium niobate (LNOI) electro-optic modulator pa insulator yakhala njira yotsogola yopezera chitukuko. Ndi chitukuko cha thin film lithium niobate reaction material reaction technology ndi waveguide etching technology, high conversion efficiency ndi higher integration ya thin film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator yakhala munda wa maphunziro apadziko lonse lapansi ndi mafakitale.

Makhalidwe a filimu yopyapyala ya lithiamu niobate
Ku United States, DAP AR yapanga kuwunika kotsatira kwa zinthu za lithiamu niobate: ngati pakati pa kusintha kwa zamagetsi patchulidwa dzina la zinthu za silicon zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke, ndiye kuti malo obadwira kusintha kwa photonics mwina angatchulidwe dzina la lithiamu niobate. Izi zili choncho chifukwa lithiamu niobate imagwirizanitsa mphamvu ya electro-optical, mphamvu ya acousto-optical, mphamvu ya piezoelectric, mphamvu ya thermoelectric ndi mphamvu ya photorefractive mu imodzi, monga momwe zinthu za silicon zimagwirira ntchito m'munda wa optics.

Ponena za mawonekedwe a kuwala, zinthu za InP zili ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa ma transmission pa chip chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa kuwala mu gulu la 1550nm lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. SiO2 ndi silicon nitride zili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri otumizira, ndipo kutayika kumatha kufika pa ~ 0.01dB/cm; Pakadali pano, kutayika kwa waveguide ya thin-film lithium niobate waveguide kumatha kufika pa 0.03dB/cm, ndipo kutayika kwa thin-film lithium niobate waveguide kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa mulingo waukadaulo mtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, zinthu za thin-film lithium niobate zidzawonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino a nyumba zowala zopanda kuwala monga njira ya photosynthetic, shunt ndi microring.

Ponena za kupanga kuwala, InP yokha ndi yomwe imatha kutulutsa kuwala mwachindunji; Chifukwa chake, pakugwiritsa ntchito ma microwave photons, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa gwero la kuwala lochokera ku InP pa chip yolumikizidwa ya LNOI pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira kumbuyo kapena kukula kwa epitaxial. Ponena za kusintha kwa kuwala, zagogomezedwa pamwambapa kuti zinthu zopyapyala za lithiamu niobate ndizosavuta kukwaniritsa bandwidth yayikulu ya modulation, voltage yotsika ya theka la mafunde komanso kutayika kochepa kwa ma transmission kuposa InP ndi Si. Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa electro-optical kwa zinthu zopyapyala za lithiamu niobate ndikofunikira pa ntchito zonse za microwave photon.

Ponena za njira yolumikizira magetsi, yankho lamagetsi lamphamvu kwambiri la zinthu zopyapyala za lithiamu niobate zimapangitsa kuti chosinthira magetsi chochokera ku LNOI chikhale ndi mphamvu yosinthira magetsi mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yosinthira magetsi mwachangu kwambiri ndi yotsika kwambiri. Pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa microwave photon wophatikizidwa, chip chowongolera kuwala chimakhala ndi mphamvu yosinthira magetsi mwachangu kuti chikwaniritse zosowa za kusanthula mwachangu, ndipo mawonekedwe a mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri amasinthidwa bwino kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira za dongosolo lalikulu la magawo. Ngakhale kuti chosinthira magetsi chochokera ku InP chingathenso kusintha njira yolumikizira magetsi mwachangu kwambiri, chidzayambitsa phokoso lalikulu, makamaka pamene chosinthira magetsi cha multilevel chachotsedwa, phokoso lidzachepa kwambiri. Zipangizo za Silicon, SiO2 ndi silicon nitride zimangosintha njira zowunikira kudzera mu thermo-optical effect kapena carrier dispersion effect, zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso liwiro losinthasintha pang'onopang'ono. Pamene kukula kwa gulu lolumikizidwa kuli kwakukulu, sikungakwaniritse zofunikira zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Ponena za kukulitsa kwa optical,semiconductor kuwala amplifier (SOA) kutengera InP yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda, koma ili ndi zovuta za kuchuluka kwa phokoso lalikulu komanso mphamvu yotsika yotulutsa, zomwe sizingathandize kugwiritsa ntchito ma microwave photons. Njira yowonjezerera parametric ya thin-film lithium niobate waveguide yochokera pa kuyambitsa ndi kusintha kwa nthawi ndi nthawi imatha kupeza phokoso lochepa komanso mphamvu yayikulu yowonjezerera kuwala pa chip, zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ukadaulo wophatikizika wa microwave photon wa on-chip optical amplification.

Ponena za kuzindikira kuwala, lithiamu niobate yopyapyala ya filimu yopyapyala ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino otumizira kuwala mu band ya 1550 nm. Ntchito yosinthira kuwala kwa photoelectric siingatheke, kotero pakugwiritsa ntchito ma microwave photon, kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za kusintha kwa kuwala kwa photoelectric pa chip. Ma InGaAs kapena ma Ge-Si detection units ayenera kuyambitsidwa pa ma LNOI based photonic integrated chips powagwiritsa ntchito kubweza kapena kukula kwa epitaxial. Ponena za kulumikizana ndi ulusi wowala, chifukwa ulusi wowala wokha ndi zinthu za SiO2, gawo la mode la SiO2 waveguide lili ndi digiri yofananira kwambiri ndi gawo la mode la ulusi wowala, ndipo kulumikizana ndikosavuta kwambiri. M'mimba mwake wa mode field waveguide yochepetsedwa kwambiri ya thin film lithium niobate ndi pafupifupi 1μm, zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi gawo la mode la ulusi wowala, kotero kusintha koyenera kwa mode spot kuyenera kuchitika kuti kugwirizane ndi gawo la mode la ulusi wowala.

Ponena za kuphatikiza, ngati zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zili ndi mphamvu yolumikizirana yambiri zimadalira makamaka pa radius yopindika ya waveguide (yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi malire a gawo la waveguide mode). Waveguide yochepetsedwa kwambiri imalola radius yopindika yaying'ono, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphatikizana kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, ma waveguides a lithiamu niobate opyapyala ali ndi kuthekera kopeza kuphatikizana kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a lithiamu niobate yopyapyala ya filimu yopyapyala amapangitsa kuti zinthu za lithiamu niobate zigwire ntchito ngati "silicon" yowala. Pakugwiritsa ntchito ma microwave photons, ubwino wa lithiamu niobate wopyapyala wa filimu yopyapyala ndi wowonekera bwino.