Mbiri yolumikizirana ya laser ya mlengalenga wozama, kodi pali malo okwanira oganizira? Gawo loyamba

Posachedwapa, chipangizo cha US Spirit probe chamaliza kuyesa kulumikizana kwakuya kwa laser ya mlengalenga ndi zida zapansi zomwe zili pamtunda wa makilomita 16 miliyoni, ndikukhazikitsa mbiri yatsopano yakutali ya kulumikizana kwa kuwala kwa mlengalenga. Ndiye ubwino wake ndi wotani?kulankhulana kwa laserPotengera mfundo zaukadaulo ndi zofunikira pa ntchito, kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe ikufunika kuthana nawo? Kodi chiyembekezo chake ndi chotani pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'munda wofufuza zakuthambo mtsogolo?

Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, osaopa mavuto
Kufufuza zinthu zakuthambo mozama ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri kwa ofufuza zinthu zakuthambo omwe akufufuza chilengedwe chonse. Ofufuza zinthu zakale amafunika kudutsa mlengalenga wakutali, kuthana ndi malo ovuta komanso mikhalidwe yovuta, kupeza ndi kutumiza deta yamtengo wapatali, ndipo ukadaulo wolumikizirana umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.

Chithunzi chojambula chakulankhulana kwa laser m'mlengalenga wakuyakuyesa pakati pa chipangizo chofufuzira cha satellite cha Spirit ndi malo owonera pansi

Pa Okutobala 13, chipangizo cha Spirit probe chinayamba, chomwe chinayamba ulendo wofufuza womwe ungatenge zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi zitatu. Poyamba ntchitoyo, chinagwira ntchito ndi telesikopu ya Hale ku Palomar Observatory ku United States kuti chiyese ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi laser wa mumlengalenga, pogwiritsa ntchito makina a laser apafupi ndi infrared kuti chitumizire deta ndi magulu padziko lapansi. Pachifukwa ichi, chipangizocho ndi zida zake zolumikizirana ndi laser ziyenera kuthana ndi mitundu inayi ya zovuta. Motsatana, mtunda wakutali, kuchepetsa chizindikiro ndi kusokoneza, kuchepetsa bandwidth ndi kuchedwa, kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi mavuto otaya kutentha akuyenera kusamalidwa. Ofufuza akhala akuyembekezera ndikukonzekera mavutowa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo adutsa munjira zingapo zazikulu zaukadaulo, ndikuyika maziko abwino a chipangizocho kuti chichite zoyeserera zolumikizirana ndi laser wa mumlengalenga.
Choyamba, chipangizo chowunikira Mzimu chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotumizira deta mwachangu kwambiri, kuwala kwa laser kosankhidwa ngati njira yotumizira, komanso chokhala ndilaser yamphamvu kwambirichotumizira, pogwiritsa ntchito ubwino wakutumiza kwa laserliwiro ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu, kuyesera kukhazikitsa maulalo olumikizirana ndi laser mumlengalenga wakuya.
Kachiwiri, kuti pakhale kudalirika komanso kukhazikika kwa kulumikizana, chipangizo chowunikira cha Mzimu chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolondola wa ma code, womwe ungapangitse kuti deta ifalikire bwino mkati mwa bandwidth yochepa mwa kukonza ma code a data. Nthawi yomweyo, imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za bit ndikuwonjezera kulondola kwa kutumiza deta pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokonza zolakwika zamtsogolo.
Chachitatu, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru wokonza nthawi ndi kuwongolera, kafukufukuyu amakwaniritsa bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolumikizirana. Ukadaulowu ukhoza kusintha njira zolumikizirana zokha komanso kuchuluka kwa kutumiza mauthenga malinga ndi kusintha kwa zofunikira pantchito komanso malo olumikizirana, motero kuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kukuyenda bwino kwambiri pakakhala mphamvu zochepa.
Pomaliza, kuti awonjezere mphamvu yolandirira zizindikiro, chipangizo cha Spirit probe chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolandirira zizindikiro zambiri. Ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsa ntchito ma antenna ambiri olandirira kuti apange gulu, zomwe zingathandize kukulitsa kukhudzidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa chizindikirocho, kenako kusunga kulumikizana kokhazikika m'malo ovuta akutali.

Ubwino wake ndi woonekeratu, wobisika m'chinsinsi
Dziko lakunja silovuta kupeza kutilaserndiye chinthu chachikulu pa mayeso olumikizirana m'mlengalenga wakuya a chipangizo cha Spirit probe, ndiye ndi maubwino ati enieni omwe laser ili nawo pothandiza kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa kulumikizana m'mlengalenga wakuya? Kodi chinsinsi chake ndi chiyani?
Kumbali imodzi, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa deta yayikulu, zithunzi ndi makanema owoneka bwino kwambiri pa ntchito zofufuza mlengalenga mozama kudzafuna kuchuluka kwa kutumiza deta pakulankhulana mlengalenga mozama. Poyang'anizana ndi mtunda wotumizira mauthenga womwe nthawi zambiri "umayamba" ndi makilomita mamiliyoni ambiri, mafunde a wailesi pang'onopang'ono "amakhala opanda mphamvu."
Ngakhale kulankhulana kwa laser kumalemba zambiri pa ma photon, poyerekeza ndi mafunde a wailesi, mafunde a kuwala omwe ali pafupi ndi infrared ali ndi kutalika kwa mtunda wocheperako komanso pafupipafupi kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthekera kopanga "msewu waukulu" wa deta yapamlengalenga wokhala ndi kutumiza uthenga kogwira mtima komanso kosalala. Mfundo iyi yatsimikiziridwa kale mu kuyesa koyambirira kwa malo ozungulira dziko lapansi. Pambuyo poyesa njira zoyenera zosinthira ndikugonjetsa kusokonezeka kwa mlengalenga, kuchuluka kwa kutumiza deta kwa makina olumikizirana a laser kunali kokwera pafupifupi nthawi 100 kuposa njira zam'mbuyomu zolumikizirana.