Mbiri yolumikizirana ndi laser ya mlengalenga wozama, kodi pali malo okwanira oganizira? Gawo Lachiwiri

Ubwino wake ndi woonekeratu, wobisika m'chinsinsi
Kumbali ina, ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi laser umasintha mosavuta malinga ndi malo akutali. Mu malo akutali, chipangizochi chimayenera kuthana ndi kuwala kwa dziko lonse, komanso kuti chigonjetse zinyalala zakumwamba, fumbi ndi zopinga zina paulendo wovuta wodutsa m'mphepete mwa asteroid, mphete zazikulu za mapulaneti, ndi zina zotero, zizindikiro za wailesi zimakhala zosavuta kusokonezedwa.
Chofunika kwambiri cha laser ndi kuwala kwa photon komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi maatomu okondwa, momwe ma photon ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, chitsogozo chabwino komanso mphamvu zoonekeratu. Ndi zabwino zake,ma laserakhoza kusintha bwino malo ovuta okhala ndi malo akuya ndikumanga maulalo olumikizirana okhazikika komanso odalirika.
Komabe, ngatikulankhulana kwa laserPofuna kukolola zotsatira zomwe akufuna, iyenera kugwira ntchito yabwino yolinganiza bwino zinthu. Pankhani ya chipangizo chowunikira cha satellite cha Mzimu, njira yowongolera, yoyendera ndi yowongolera ya master wa kompyuta yake yowuluka idachita gawo lofunika kwambiri, lotchedwa "njira yolozera, yopezera ndi kutsatira" kuti zitsimikizire kuti malo olumikizirana a laser ndi chipangizo cholumikizira cha gulu la Dziko lapansi nthawi zonse zimasunga kulumikizana kolondola, kuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kukhazikika, komanso kuchepetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zolumikizirana, komanso kukonza kulondola kwa kutumiza deta.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulinganiza bwino kumeneku kungathandize mapiko a dzuwa kuyamwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kochuluka momwe angathere, kupereka mphamvu zambiri kwazida zolumikizirana ndi laser.
Zachidziwikire, mphamvu siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Ubwino umodzi wa kulankhulana ndi laser ndikuti umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zingasunge mphamvu zambiri kuposa kulankhulana kwa wailesi, kuchepetsa nkhawa yazozindikira malo akuyapansi pa mikhalidwe yochepa ya mphamvu, kenako onjezerani nthawi yowuluka ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito yazozindikira, ndipo amapeza zotsatira zambiri zasayansi.
Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi kulankhulana kwachikhalidwe kwa wailesi, kulankhulana kwa laser mwachiphunzitso kumakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino nthawi yeniyeni. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza mozama mlengalenga, kuthandiza asayansi kupeza deta nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuchita maphunziro osanthula. Komabe, pamene mtunda wolumikizirana ukuwonjezeka, kuchedwa pang'onopang'ono kudzaonekera, ndipo ubwino weniweni wa kulankhulana kwa laser uyenera kuyesedwa.

Poyang'ana mtsogolo, zambiri n'zotheka
Pakadali pano, ntchito yofufuza mlengalenga mozama komanso yolumikizana ikukumana ndi mavuto ambiri, koma chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, tsogolo likuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera vutoli.
Mwachitsanzo, kuti tithetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mtunda wautali wolumikizirana, chipangizo chofufuzira cham'mlengalenga chamtsogolo chingakhale kuphatikiza kwa kulumikizana kwa pafupipafupi komanso ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi laser. Zipangizo zolumikizirana za pafupipafupi kwambiri zimatha kupereka mphamvu yayikulu ya ma signal ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa kulumikizana, pomwe kulumikizana ndi laser kumakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu lotumizira mauthenga komanso liwiro lotsika la zolakwika, ndipo ziyenera kuyembekezera kuti amphamvu ndi amphamvu amatha kulumikizana kuti apereke mtunda wautali komanso zotsatira zabwino zolumikizirana.

Chithunzi 1. Mayeso olumikizirana ndi laser oyambirira a Earth orbit otsika
Ponena za tsatanetsatane wa ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi laser, kuti akonze kugwiritsa ntchito bandwidth ndikuchepetsa kuchedwa, ma deep space probes akuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru kwambiri wokonza ma code ndi compression. Mwachidule, malinga ndi kusintha kwa malo olumikizirana, zida zolumikizirana ndi laser za deep space probe zamtsogolo zidzasintha zokha njira yolembera ndi compression algorithm, ndikuyesetsa kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zotumizira deta, kukonza liwiro lotumizira ndikuchepetsa kuchedwa.
Pofuna kuthana ndi zopinga za mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka mu ntchito zofufuza mlengalenga mozama ndikuthana ndi zosowa zotaya kutentha, chipangizochi chidzagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi ochepa komanso ukadaulo wolumikizirana wobiriwira mtsogolo, zomwe sizidzangochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa dongosolo lolumikizirana, komanso kukwaniritsa kayendetsedwe ka kutentha bwino komanso kufalikira kwa kutentha. Palibe kukayika kuti ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kufalikira kwa ukadaulo uwu, njira yolumikizirana ndi laser ya ma probe amlengalenga mozama ikuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo kupirira kudzawongoleredwa kwambiri.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa luntha lochita kupanga ndi ukadaulo wodzipangira okha, ma probe akuya akuyembekezeka kumaliza ntchito zawo okha komanso moyenera mtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu malamulo ndi ma algorithms omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale, chowunikiracho chimatha kuzindikira kukonza deta yokha komanso kuwongolera kutumiza kwanzeru, kupewa "kutseka" chidziwitso ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito olumikizirana. Nthawi yomweyo, luntha lochita kupanga ndi ukadaulo wodzipangira zokha zidzathandizanso ofufuza kuchepetsa zolakwika zogwirira ntchito ndikuwonjezera kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito zozindikira, ndipo machitidwe olumikizirana ndi laser nawonso adzapindula.
Kupatula apo, kulumikizana ndi laser sikuli kwamphamvu konse, ndipo ntchito zofufuza zakuthambo zamtsogolo zitha kupangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono pakhale kuphatikizana kwa njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana, monga kulumikizana ndi wailesi, kulumikizana ndi laser, kulumikizana ndi infrared, ndi zina zotero, chowunikira chingathe kusewera bwino kwambiri polumikizirana mu multi-path, multi-frequency band, ndikuwonjezera kudalirika ndi kukhazikika kwa kulumikizana. Nthawi yomweyo, kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana kumathandiza kukwaniritsa ntchito yogwirizana ya ntchito zambiri, kukonza magwiridwe antchito athunthu a zowunikira, kenako kulimbikitsa mitundu yambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zowunikira kuti zigwire ntchito zovuta kwambiri mu deep space.