Ma microwave optoelectronics, monga dzina likunenera, ndi mphambano ya microwave ndioptoelectronics.Mafunde a Microwave ndi mafunde opepuka ndi mafunde a electromagnetic, ndipo ma frequency ndi madongosolo ambiri a kukula kwake, ndipo zida ndi matekinoloje opangidwa m'magawo awo ndi osiyana kwambiri.Kuphatikiza, titha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wina ndi mnzake, koma titha kupeza mapulogalamu atsopano ndi mawonekedwe omwe ndi ovuta kuwazindikira motsatana.
Kulankhulana kwamasondi chitsanzo chabwino cha kuphatikiza ma microwaves ndi ma photoelectrons.Kulumikizana koyambirira kwa matelefoni ndi telegraph opanda zingwe, m'badwo, kufalitsa ndi kulandira ma siginecha, zida zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu microwave.Mafunde otsika kwambiri a electromagnetic amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambilira chifukwa ma frequency angapo ndi ochepa komanso mphamvu yotumizira ndi yaying'ono.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kuonjezera mafupipafupi a siginecha yopatsirana, kuchuluka kwafupipafupi, kuchulukitsa kwazinthu zambiri.Koma mkulu pafupipafupi chizindikiro mu mpweya kufalitsa imfa ndi lalikulu, komanso zosavuta oletsedwa ndi zopinga.Ngati chingwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kutayika kwa chingwe ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kufalikira kwa mtunda wautali ndi vuto.Kutuluka kwa kuwala kwa fiber kulumikizana ndi njira yabwino yothetsera mavutowa.Optic fiberili ndi kutayika kochepa kwambiri ndipo ndi chonyamulira chabwino kwambiri chotumizira ma siginecha mtunda wautali.Kuchuluka kwa mafunde a kuwala ndi kwakukulu kuposa ma microwaves ndipo amatha kufalitsa ma tchanelo osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi.Chifukwa cha ubwino wakufala kwa kuwala, optical fiber communication yakhala msana wa masiku ano kutumiza zidziwitso.
Kuyankhulana kwa Optical kuli ndi mbiri yakale, kafukufuku ndi ntchito ndizochuluka kwambiri komanso zokhwima, apa sizikutanthauza zambiri.Pepalali makamaka limayambitsa kafukufuku watsopano wa ma microwave optoelectronics m'zaka zaposachedwa kupatula kulumikizana ndi kuwala.Microwave optoelectronics imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira ndi matekinoloje a optoelectronics monga chonyamulira kuti apititse patsogolo ndikukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe ndizovuta kuzikwaniritsa ndi zida zachikhalidwe zama microwave.Kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, imaphatikizanso mbali zitatu zotsatirazi.
Yoyamba ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito ma optoelectronics kuti apange mawonekedwe apamwamba, otsika phokoso la microwave, kuchokera ku X-band mpaka ku gulu la THz.
Chachiwiri, microwave chizindikiro processing.Kuphatikizapo kuchedwa, kusefa, kutembenuka pafupipafupi, kulandira ndi zina zotero.
Chachitatu, kufalikira kwa ma analogi.
M'nkhaniyi, wolemba amangotchula gawo loyamba, m'badwo wa chizindikiro cha microwave.Mafunde a microwave millimeter achikhalidwe amapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo za microelectronic iii_V.Zofooka zake zili ndi mfundo zotsatirazi: Choyamba, mpaka maulendo apamwamba monga 100GHz pamwamba, ma microelectronics achikhalidwe amatha kutulutsa mphamvu zocheperapo, mpaka pamtundu wapamwamba wa THz, sangathe kuchita kanthu.Chachiwiri, kuti muchepetse phokoso la gawo ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwafupipafupi, chipangizo choyambirira chiyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otsika kwambiri.Chachitatu, n'zovuta kukwaniritsa osiyanasiyana pafupipafupi kusinthasintha modulation pafupipafupi kutembenuka.Kuthetsa mavutowa, ukadaulo wa optoelectronic utha kuchitapo kanthu.Njira zazikuluzikulu zafotokozedwa pansipa.
1. Kupyolera mu kusiyana kwafupipafupi kwa zizindikiro ziwiri zosiyana za laser frequency, high-frequency photodetector imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza zizindikiro za microwave, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1.
Chithunzi 1. Chithunzi chojambula cha ma microwave opangidwa ndi kusiyana kwafupipafupi awirilasers.
Ubwino wa njira imeneyi ndi dongosolo losavuta, akhoza kupanga kwambiri mkulu pafupipafupi millimeter yoweyula ngakhale THz pafupipafupi chizindikiro, ndi kusintha mafupipafupi laser akhoza kuchita lalikulu osiyanasiyana kusala pafupipafupi kutembenuka, kusesa pafupipafupi.Choyipa ndichakuti phokoso la mzere kapena phokoso lachidziwitso cha ma frequency ophatikizika opangidwa ndi ma siginecha awiri osagwirizana ndi ma laser ndi ochulukirapo, ndipo kukhazikika kwafupipafupi sikokwera, makamaka ngati laser ya semiconductor yokhala ndi voliyumu yaying'ono koma mzere waukulu (~MHz) ndi ntchito.Ngati kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa dongosolo sikuli kokwera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma laser olimba (~ kHz) phokoso lochepa,fiber lasers, chibowo chakunjalaser semiconductor, etc. Komanso, mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya zizindikiro laser kwaiye mu patsekeke laser chomwecho angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupanga kusiyana pafupipafupi, kuti mayikirowevu pafupipafupi bata ntchito bwino kwambiri.
2. Kuti athetse vuto lomwe ma lasers awiri mu njira yapitayi ndi osagwirizana ndipo phokoso lachidziwitso lopangidwa ndi lalikulu kwambiri, mgwirizano pakati pa ma laser awiriwo ukhoza kupezedwa ndi njira yotsekera jekeseni pafupipafupi kapena gawo losokoneza maganizo. kutseka dera.Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka jekeseni wotsekera kuti apange machulukitsidwe a microwave (Chithunzi 2).Mwa kubaya mwachindunji ma siginecha apamwamba pafupipafupi mu semiconductor laser, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito LinBO3-phase modulator, ma siginecha angapo owoneka bwino a ma frequency osiyanasiyana okhala ndi masitayilo ofanana amatha kupangidwa, kapena zisa za ma frequency optical.Zachidziwikire, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri yopezera chisa chachikulu chowonera pafupipafupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito laser yokhoma.Zizindikiro ziwiri zilizonse zachisa mu chisa chopangidwa ndi ma frequency optical amasankhidwa ndikusefa ndikubayidwa mu laser 1 ndi 2 motsatana kuti azindikire ma frequency ndi kutseka kwa gawo motsatana.Chifukwa gawo pakati pa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za chisa cha chisa chowoneka bwino ndi chokhazikika, kotero kuti gawo lachibale pakati pa lasers awiri likhale lokhazikika, ndiyeno ndi njira ya kusiyana kwafupipafupi monga momwe tafotokozera kale, chizindikiro cha microwave cha multi-fold frequency Optical pafupipafupi chisa kubwereza mlingo angapezeke.
Chithunzi 2. Chithunzi chojambula cha ma microwave owirikiza kawiri chizindikiro chopangidwa ndi kutseka pafupipafupi kwa jekeseni.
Njira ina yochepetsera phokoso lachibale la ma lasers awiriwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a PLL, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3.
Chithunzi 3. Chithunzi chojambula cha OPL.
Mfundo ya Optical PLL ndi yofanana ndi ya PLL pazamagetsi.Kusiyana kwa gawo la ma laser awiriwa kumasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi ndi photodetector (chofanana ndi chowunikira gawo), ndiyeno kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa ma laser awiriwa kumapezedwa popanga kusiyana pafupipafupi ndi gwero lachidziwitso la microwave, lomwe limakulitsidwa. ndikusefedwa ndikubwezeredwa kugawo lowongolera pafupipafupi la imodzi mwa ma lasers (kwa ma semiconductor lasers, ndiye jakisoni wapano).Kupyolera mu njira yoletsa kuyankha koyipa kotere, gawo la pafupipafupi pakati pa ma siginecha awiri a laser limatsekeredwa ku siginecha ya microwave.Chizindikiro chophatikizika cha kuwala chimatha kufalikira kudzera mu ulusi wa kuwala kupita ku photodetector kwina ndikusinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha microwave.Phokoso la gawo lachidziwitso cha microwave limakhala lofanana ndi la siginecha yomwe ili mkati mwa bandwidth ya gawo lotsekeka loletsa mayankho olakwika.Phokoso la gawo kunja kwa bandwidth ndi lofanana ndi phokoso lachibale la lasers awiri oyambirira osagwirizana.
Kuphatikiza apo, gwero la siginecha ya microwave litha kusinthidwanso ndi magwero ena amazidziwitso kudzera pakuwirikiza kawiri, ma frequency ogawa, kapena ma frequency ena, kuti ma frequency otsika a microwave azitha kuchulukitsidwa, kapena kusinthidwa kukhala ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri a RF, THz.
Poyerekeza ndi kutsekera pafupipafupi kwa jakisoni kumangopeza kuwirikiza kawiri, malupu otsekedwa ndi gawo amakhala osinthika, amatha kutulutsa pafupifupi ma frequency, komanso zovuta kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, chisa chafupipafupi chopangidwa ndi chosinthira chazithunzi mu Chithunzi 2 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kuwala, ndipo chotchinga chotchinga chotchinga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka pafupipafupi ma laser awiriwo kuzizindikiro ziwiri zachisa, kenako kupanga. zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri kudzera mufupipafupi kusiyana, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4. f1 ndi f2 ndizowonetsera maulendo amtundu wa PLLS awiri motsatira, ndipo chizindikiro cha microwave cha N * frep + f1 + f2 chikhoza kupangidwa ndi kusiyana kwafupipafupi pakati pa lasers awiri.
Chithunzi 4. Chithunzi chojambula chopangira maulendo osakanikirana pogwiritsa ntchito zisa zafupipafupi ndi PLLS.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito laser mode-locked pulse kuti mutembenuzire chizindikiro cha pulse kukhala chizindikiro cha microwavePhotodetector.
Ubwino waukulu wa njirayi ndikuti chizindikiro chokhala ndi kukhazikika kwafupipafupi komanso phokoso lotsika kwambiri limatha kupezeka.Mwa kutseka ma frequency a laser kuti pakhale mawonekedwe okhazikika a atomiki ndi ma molekyulu, kapena malo owoneka bwino kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma frequency a frequency ndi matekinoloje ena, titha kupeza chizindikiro chokhazikika kwambiri kubwereza kokhazikika pafupipafupi, kuti mupeze chizindikiro cha microwave chokhala ndi phokoso lotsika kwambiri.Chithunzi 5.
Chithunzi 5. Kuyerekeza kwa phokoso lachibale la magwero osiyanasiyana a zizindikiro.
Komabe, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa kubwereza kwa kugunda kumayenderana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa laser, komanso laser yachikhalidwe yotseka ndi yayikulu, zimakhala zovuta kupeza ma siginecha apamwamba a microwave mwachindunji.Kuphatikiza apo, kukula, kulemera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa ma lasers amtundu wa pulsed, komanso zovuta za chilengedwe, zimachepetsa ntchito zawo zama labotale.Pofuna kuthana ndi zovutazi, kafukufuku wayamba posachedwapa ku United States ndi Germany pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zopanda mzere kuti apange zisa zowoneka bwino zafupipafupi m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono, apamwamba kwambiri a chirp optical cavities, omwe amapanga ma siginecha otsika kwambiri a microwave.
4. opto electronic oscillator, Chithunzi 6.
Chithunzi 6. Chithunzi chojambula cha photoelectric cophatikizidwa oscillator.
Imodzi mwa njira zachikhalidwe zopangira ma microwaves kapena ma lasers ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yodzimvera yokhayokha yotsekedwa, malinga ngati kupindula muzitsulo zotsekedwa kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kutayika, oscillation yodzisangalatsa imatha kupanga ma microwaves kapena lasers.Kukwera kwa mtundu wa Q wa loop yotsekedwa, kumachepetsa gawo lazizindikiro kapena phokoso lafupipafupi.Pofuna kuonjezera ubwino wa loop, njira yolunjika ndikuwonjezera kutalika kwa loop ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa kufalitsa.Komabe, chipika chotalikirapo nthawi zambiri chimatha kuthandizira kutulutsa mitundu ingapo ya oscillation, ndipo ngati fyuluta yopapatiza ya bandwidth iwonjezeredwa, chizindikiro cha oscillation cha microwave chapang'onopang'ono chikhoza kupezeka.Photoelectric oscillator oscillator ndi gwero la siginecha ya microwave yotengera lingaliro ili, imagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mawonekedwe otayika a fiber otsika, pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wautali kuti apititse patsogolo mtengo wa loop Q, amatha kutulutsa chizindikiro cha microwave chokhala ndi phokoso lotsika kwambiri.Popeza njirayi idaperekedwa m'zaka za m'ma 1990, oscillator wamtunduwu walandira kafukufuku wambiri komanso chitukuko chachikulu, ndipo pakadali pano pali ma oscillator ophatikizana ndi ma photoelectric.Posachedwapa, ma oscillator a photoelectric omwe ma frequency awo amatha kusinthidwa mosiyanasiyana apangidwa.Vuto lalikulu la magwero a ma siginecha a microwave potengera kapangidwe kameneka ndikuti kuzungulira kwautali, ndipo phokoso lakuyenda kwake kwaulere (FSR) ndi ma frequency ake awiri lidzawonjezeka kwambiri.Kuonjezera apo, zigawo za photoelectric zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizowonjezereka, mtengo wake ndi wokwera, voliyumu ndizovuta kuchepetsa, ndipo ulusi wautali umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusokonezeka kwa chilengedwe.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwonetsa njira zingapo zopangira ma siginecha a microwave, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo.Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito ma photoelectrons kupanga ma microwave kuli ndi mwayi wina ndikuti chizindikiro cha kuwala chimatha kugawidwa kudzera mu fiber optical ndi kutayika kochepa kwambiri, kufalikira kwa mtunda wautali kupita kumalo aliwonse ogwiritsira ntchito ndikusinthidwa kukhala ma siginecha a microwave, ndikutha kukana maginito amagetsi. Kusokoneza kumakhala bwino kwambiri kuposa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Kulemba kwa nkhaniyi kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kuphatikizidwa ndi zomwe wolembayo adaphunzira komanso zomwe adakumana nazo m'munda uno, pali zolakwika komanso zosamvetsetseka, chonde mvetsetsani.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-03-2024