Magawo oyambira a chizindikiro cha kuwalama photodetectors:
Tisanayang'ane mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zowunikira zithunzi, magawo ofunikira a magwiridwe antchito azowunikira zithunzi za chizindikiro cha kuwalazafotokozedwa mwachidule. Makhalidwe amenewa akuphatikizapo kuyankha, kuyankha kwa spectral, mphamvu yofanana ndi phokoso (NEP), kuzindikira kwapadera, ndi kuzindikira kwapadera. D*), kugwira ntchito bwino kwa quantum, ndi nthawi yoyankha.
1. Kuyankha Rd imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza momwe chipangizocho chimayankhira mphamvu ya kuwala kwa kuwala. Imayimiridwa ndi chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro chotuluka ndi chizindikiro cha chochitika. Khalidweli silikuwonetsa makhalidwe a phokoso la chipangizocho, koma limasonyeza mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu ya kuwala kwa maginito kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kapena magetsi. Chifukwa chake, zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi kutalika kwa mafunde a chizindikiro cha kuwala kwa chochitika. Kuphatikiza apo, makhalidwe a mphamvu yoyankhira ndi ntchito ya bias yogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kutentha kwa malo ozungulira.
2. Khalidwe la yankho la spectral ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimasonyeza ubale pakati pa mphamvu ya yankho la chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala ndi ntchito ya wavelength ya chizindikiro cha kuwala cha chochitika. Makhalidwe a yankho la spectral a optical signal photodetectors pa ma wavelength osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa mochuluka ndi "spectral response curve". Tiyenera kudziwa kuti makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri a spectral response mu curve ndi omwe amayesedwa ndi mtengo wokwanira, ndipo makhalidwe ena a spectral response pa ma wavelength osiyanasiyana amawonetsedwa ndi normalized relative values kutengera mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa ma spectral response characteristics.
3. Mphamvu yofanana ndi phokoso ndi mphamvu ya chizindikiro cha kuwala komwe kumafunika pamene mphamvu ya chizindikiro chotulutsa yopangidwa ndi chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu ya mphamvu ya phokoso ya chipangizocho. Ndicho chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira mphamvu yochepa ya chizindikiro cha kuwala yomwe ingayesedwe ndi chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala, kutanthauza, kuzindikira.
4. Kuzindikira kwapadera ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimasonyeza makhalidwe enieni a zinthu zomwe zimazindikira kuwala kwa chipangizocho. Chimayimira kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa photon komwe kungayesedwe ndi chipangizo chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala. Mtengo wake ukhoza kusiyana malinga ndi momwe chipangizocho chimagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito wavelength detector ya chizindikiro chowunikira (monga kutentha kwamlengalenga, bias yogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zina zotero). Bandwidth ya chipangizocho ikakula, malo owunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala amakhala akulu, mphamvu yofanana ndi phokoso ya NEP imakhala yochepa, komanso mphamvu yozindikira yeniyeni imakwera. Kuzindikira kwapadera kwa chipangizocho kumatanthauza kuti ndi koyenera kuzindikira zizindikiro zofooka kwambiri.
5. Quantum efficiency Q ndi chizindikiro china chofunikira cha chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala. Chimafotokozedwa ngati chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero cha "mayankho" oyezedwa omwe amapangidwa ndi photomon mu chowunikira ndi chiwerengero cha ma photon omwe amachitika pamwamba pa chinthu chowunikira kuwala. Mwachitsanzo, pa zowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa kutulutsa kwa photon, quantum efficiency ndi chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero cha ma photoelectron omwe amachokera pamwamba pa chinthu chowunikira kuwala ndi chiwerengero cha ma photon a chizindikiro choyezedwa chomwe chawonetsedwa pamwamba. Mu chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito pn junction semiconductor material ngati chinthu chowunikira kuwala, quantum efficiency ya chowunikira imawerengedwa pogawa chiwerengero cha ma electron hole pairs opangidwa ndi chizindikiro chowunikira choyesedwa ndi chiwerengero cha ma photon a chizindikiro cha ngozi. Chiwonetsero china chodziwika bwino cha quantum efficiency ya chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala ndi kudzera mu chowunikira cha responsivity Rd.
6. Nthawi yoyankha ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pofotokozera liwiro la yankho la chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala ku kusintha kwa mphamvu ya chizindikiro chowunikira. Pamene chizindikiro chowunikira choyesedwa chasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a kugunda kwa kuwala, mphamvu ya chizindikiro chamagetsi cha kugunda chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ntchito yake pa chowunikira iyenera "kukwera" kufika pa "peak" yofanana pambuyo pa nthawi inayake yoyankha, ndi kuchokera pa "peak" kenako kubwerera ku "zero value" yoyambirira yofanana ndi ntchito ya kugunda kwa kuwala. Pofuna kufotokoza momwe chowunikira chimayankhira kusintha kwa mphamvu ya chizindikiro chowunikira, nthawi yomwe mphamvu ya chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kugunda kwa kuwala kochitika imakwera kuchoka pamtengo wake wapamwamba kwambiri wa 10% mpaka 90% imatchedwa "rise time", ndipo nthawi yomwe mafunde a pulse a chizindikiro chamagetsi amatsika kuchoka pamtengo wake wapamwamba kwambiri wa 90% mpaka 10% imatchedwa "fall time" kapena "decay time".
7. Kuyankha molunjika ndi chizindikiro china chofunikira chomwe chimafotokoza ubale wogwirira ntchito pakati pa yankho la chowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwala ndi mphamvu ya chizindikiro chowunikira chomwe chachitika. Chimafuna kutulutsa kwachowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwalakukhala wofanana mkati mwa mulingo wina wa mphamvu ya chizindikiro choyezedwa. Kawirikawiri zimatanthauzidwa kuti kusiyana kwa peresenti kuchokera ku mzere wolowera-wotulutsa mkati mwa mulingo wodziwika wa mphamvu ya chizindikiro cholowera ndi mzere woyankha wa chowunikira chizindikiro chowunikira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-12-2024