Kodi chowunikira zithunzi cha Si n'chiyani?

Kodi ndi chiyaniChowunikira zithunzi

Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha ukadaulo wamakono, zida zowunikira zithunzi, monga chipangizo chofunikira chowunikira, pang'onopang'ono zayamba kuonekera kwa anthu. Makamaka Si photodetector (chowunikira zithunzi cha silicon), chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito awo apamwamba komanso kuthekera kwawo kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zambiri, alandiridwa kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ipereka kufotokozera kwakuya komanso kosavuta kumva kwa mfundo zoyambira, mawonekedwe ake, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo mwa zowunikira za silicon photodetectors kwa aliyense.

Mfundo yaikulu ya ma photodetector a Si imachokera ku mphamvu ya photoelectric. Ma photon akagunda zinthu za semiconductor, ma electron-hole awiri amapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa magetsi kukhala amphamvu. Zipangizo za silicon zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zoyamwa kuwala, makamaka m'magulu owoneka bwino komanso pafupi ndi infrared, motero ndizoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a ma photodetector. Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya ma photodetector a Si ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule m'magawo angapo: kuchuluka kwa photon, kuyamwa kwa photon, kupanga chonyamulira ndi kutulutsa kwa current.

Ponena za kapangidwe ka ma silicon photodetectors, nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magawo angapo akuluakulu: gawo lolandira kuwala, gawo lopeza kuwala ndi gawo la electrode. Gawo lolandira kuwala limayang'anira kuyamwa kuwala kwa ngozi ndikupanga zonyamulira, pomwe gawo lopeza kuwala limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha zonyamulira, motero kumawonjezera kukhudzidwa kwa chowunikira. Gawo la electrode limayang'anira kusonkhanitsa zonyamulira ndikupanga zizindikiro zamagetsi. Kapangidwe kopangidwa bwino kangalimbikitse bwino magwiridwe antchito a chowunikira, monga kukonza magwiridwe antchito a kusintha kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikuchepetsa phokoso.

Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito a silicon photodetector ndi ochulukirapo kwambiri, akuphimba mbali zosiyanasiyana monga kulumikizana, kujambula zithunzi, ndi kuyang'anira chilengedwe. Mu kulumikizana kwa kuwala, zida zowunikira zochokera ku silicon zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulandira zizindikiro za kuwala ndikusintha kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi kuti zitsimikizire kutumiza mwachangu kwa chidziwitso. Mu gawo la kujambula zithunzi, Si photodetector nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makamera a digito ndi ma webcam kuti athandize kujambula zithunzi zomveka bwino. Si photodetector ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyang'anira chilengedwe, kudziwa momwe zinthu zilili mwa kuyang'anira kusintha kwa kuwala, monga kuzindikira kupezeka kwa zodetsa.

Mtsogolomu, njira zomwe silicon photodetector ikuyendera zidzawonekera kwambiri m'mbali zotsatirazi. Zatsopano mu zipangizo zikuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a zozindikira, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma alloys atsopano kapena zinthu zophatikizika kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu yoyamwa kuwala ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a quantum. Kukonzanso kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Kudzera muukadaulo wa microfabrication, miniaturization ndi integration zitha kuchitika kuti ziwonjezere kukhudzidwa ndi liwiro la kuyankha kwachowunikira zithunziMwa kuphatikiza ukadaulo wapamwamba wokonza ma signal, chiŵerengero cha ma signal-to-noise cha detector chikhoza kukulitsidwa kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti chili chokhazikika m'malo ovuta. Si photodetector, monga chipangizo chofunikira cha sensa, ikusintha miyoyo yathu pang'onopang'ono ndi magwiridwe antchito ake abwino komanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo, ma photodetector opangidwa ndi silicon adzachita gawo lofunika kwambiri m'magawo ambiri, kubweretsa mwayi wambiri mtsogolo mwathu.