Ma Optocouplers, omwe amalumikiza mabwalo pogwiritsa ntchito ma siginecha owoneka ngati sing'anga, ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito m'malo omwe kulondola kwambiri ndikofunikira, monga ma acoustics, mankhwala ndi mafakitale, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kudalirika kwawo, monga kukhazikika komanso kutsekemera.
Koma kodi optocoupler amagwira ntchito liti komanso pansi pati, ndipo mfundo yake ndi yotani? Kapena mukamagwiritsa ntchito photocoupler pantchito yanu yamagetsi, mwina simungadziwe kusankha ndikuigwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa optocoupler nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi "phototransistor" ndi "photodiode". Chifukwa chake, chojambula chojambula chomwe chidzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Photocoupler ndi chiyani?
Optocoupler ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe etymology yake ndi kuwala
coupler, kutanthauza "kugwirizana ndi kuwala." Nthawi zina amatchedwanso optocoupler, kuwala isolator, kutchinjiriza kuwala, etc. Amakhala ndi kuwala emitting element ndi kuwala kulandira chinthu, ndi zikugwirizana athandizira mbali dera ndi linanena bungwe mbali dera kudzera kuwala chizindikiro. Palibe kugwirizana kwamagetsi pakati pa mabwalowa, mwa kuyankhula kwina, mumalo otsekemera. Choncho, kugwirizana kwa dera pakati pa kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa kumakhala kosiyana ndipo chizindikiro chokhacho chimaperekedwa. Gwirizanitsani motetezeka mabwalo okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olowera ndi ma voliyumu otulutsa, ndikutchinjiriza kwakukulu pakati pa zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, potumiza kapena kutsekereza chizindikiro ichi, chimakhala ngati chosinthira. Mfundo mwatsatanetsatane ndi makina adzafotokozedwa pambuyo pake, koma chowunikira cha photocoupler ndi LED (light emitting diode).
Kuyambira m'ma 1960 mpaka 1970, pamene ma LED adapangidwa ndipo kupita patsogolo kwawo kwaukadaulo kunali kofunikira,optoelectronicsyakhala yopambana. Pa nthawi imeneyo, zosiyanasiyanazida zowoneraadapangidwa, ndipo chojambulira chazithunzi chinali chimodzi mwa izo. Pambuyo pake, ma optoelectronics adalowa mwachangu m'miyoyo yathu.
① Mfundo/Njira
Mfundo ya optocoupler ndi yakuti chinthu chotulutsa kuwala chimasintha chizindikiro chamagetsi kuti chikhale chowala, ndipo chinthu cholandira kuwala chimatumiza chizindikiro chamagetsi kumbuyo kwa dera lotuluka. Chinthu chotulutsa kuwala ndi chinthu cholandira kuwala zili mkati mwa chipika cha kuwala kwakunja, ndipo ziwirizo zimatsutsana kuti zipereke kuwala.
Semiconductor yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zotulutsa kuwala ndi LED (light-emitting diode). Kumbali inayi, pali mitundu yambiri ya semiconductors yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zolandirira kuwala, malingana ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, kukula kwakunja, mtengo, ndi zina zotero, koma kawirikawiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi phototransistor.
Zikapanda kugwira ntchito, ma phototransistor amanyamula zochepa zapano zomwe ma semiconductors wamba amachita. Pamene kuwala chochitika kumeneko, phototransistor amapanga photoelectromotive mphamvu pamwamba pa P-mtundu semiconductor ndi N-mtundu semiconductor, mabowo N-mtundu semiconductor kuyenda mu p dera, ndi ufulu elekitironi semiconductor m'dera p umayenda. m'chigawo cha n, ndipo madzi adzayenda.
Ma Phototransistors samayankha ngati ma photodiodes, koma amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zokulitsa zotulutsa mpaka mazana mpaka 1,000 nthawi yomwe siginecha yolowera (chifukwa cha gawo lamagetsi lamkati). Chifukwa chake, amakhudzidwa mokwanira kuti atenge ngakhale zizindikiro zofooka, zomwe ndi zabwino.
Ndipotu, "chotchinga chowala" chomwe timachiwona ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chokhala ndi mfundo ndi njira yofanana.
Komabe, zosokoneza kuwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masensa ndipo zimagwira ntchito yawo podutsa chinthu chotchinga kuwala pakati pa chinthu chotulutsa kuwala ndi chinthu cholandira kuwala. Mwachitsanzo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira ndalama ndi banki m'makina ogulitsa ndi ATM.
② Zinthu
Popeza optocoupler imatumiza ma siginecha kudzera mu kuwala, kusungunula pakati pa mbali yolowera ndi mbali yotuluka ndi chinthu chachikulu. Kusungunula kwakukulu sikukhudzidwa mosavuta ndi phokoso, komanso kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwamakono mwangozi pakati pa mabwalo oyandikana nawo, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri pachitetezo. Ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosavuta komanso koyenera.
Chifukwa cha mbiri yakale, mndandanda wazinthu zolemera za opanga osiyanasiyana ndi mwayi wapadera wa optocouplers. Chifukwa palibe kukhudzana ndi thupi, kuvala pakati pa ziwalozo kumakhala kochepa, ndipo moyo ndi wautali. Kumbali inayi, palinso mawonekedwe omwe kuwala kowala kumakhala kosavuta kusinthasintha, chifukwa ma LED amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi ndi kusintha kwa kutentha.
Makamaka pamene chigawo cha mkati cha pulasitiki mandala kwa nthawi yaitali, kukhala mitambo, izo sizingakhale zabwino kwambiri kuwala. Komabe, mulimonse, moyo wautali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukhudzana kukhudzana ndi makina kukhudzana.
Ma Phototransistors nthawi zambiri amakhala ochedwa kuposa ma photodiode, kotero sagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana mwachangu. Komabe, izi sizoyipa, chifukwa zigawo zina zimakhala ndi mabwalo okulitsa mbali yotulutsa kuti ziwonjezeke liwiro. M'malo mwake, sizinthu zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira kukulitsa liwiro.
③ Kugwiritsa ntchito
Photoelectric couplersamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posinthira. Deralo lidzakhala lolimbikitsidwa poyatsa chosinthira, koma kuchokera pamalingaliro azomwe zili pamwambapa, makamaka kusungunula komanso moyo wautali, ndizoyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kudalirika kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, phokoso ndi mdani wa zamagetsi zamankhwala ndi zida zomvera / zoyankhulirana.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina oyendetsa magalimoto. Chifukwa cha injini ndikuti liwiro limayendetsedwa ndi inverter ikayendetsedwa, koma imapanga phokoso chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwakukulu. Phokosoli silidzangopangitsa kuti injiniyo ikhale yolephereka, komanso imadutsa mu "nthaka" yomwe imakhudza zotumphukira. Makamaka, zida zokhala ndi mawaya aatali ndizosavuta kunyamula phokoso lalikululi, kotero ngati lichitika mufakitale, limayambitsa kutayika kwakukulu ndipo nthawi zina limayambitsa ngozi zazikulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma optocouplers okhala ndi insulated kwambiri posinthira, kukhudzidwa kwa mabwalo ena ndi zida zitha kuchepetsedwa.
Chachiwiri, momwe mungasankhire ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma optocouplers
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito optocoupler yoyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kazinthu? Otsatira otsogolera opanga ma microcontroller afotokoza momwe angasankhire ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma optocouplers.
① Otsegula nthawi zonse komanso otseka nthawi zonse
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma photocouplers: mtundu womwe chosinthiracho chimazimitsidwa (chozimitsa) pomwe palibe voteji, mtundu womwe switchyo imayatsidwa (kuzimitsa) ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi mtundu womwe chosinthiracho chimayatsidwa. imayatsidwa ngati palibe magetsi. Ikani ndikuzimitsa magetsi akagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Yoyamba imatchedwa yotseguka, ndipo yomalizayo imatchedwa kuti yotsekedwa. Momwe mungasankhire, choyamba zimadalira mtundu wa dera lomwe mukufuna.
② Yang'anani momwe magetsi akutuluka komanso magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito
Photocouplers ali ndi katundu wokulitsa chizindikiro, koma osati nthawi zonse kudutsa voteji ndi panopa pa kufuna. Zachidziwikire, idavoteledwa, koma voliyumu iyenera kuyikidwa kuchokera kumbali yolowera molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna.
Ngati tiyang'ana pa pepala lachidziwitso cha mankhwala, tikhoza kuona tchati pomwe nsonga yowongoka ndi yomwe imachokera pakalipano (osonkhanitsa panopa) ndipo chopingasa chopingasa ndi mphamvu yolowera (voltage-emitter). Zosonkhanitsa zamakono zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa LED, choncho ikani magetsi malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna.
Komabe, mungaganize kuti zomwe zawerengedwa pano ndizochepa modabwitsa. Uwu ndiye mtengo wapano womwe ungakhalebe wodalirika pambuyo poganizira kuwonongeka kwa ma LED pakapita nthawi, chifukwa chake ndi wocheperako.
M'malo mwake, pali zochitika pamene linanena bungwe panopa si lalikulu. Choncho, posankha optocoupler, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana mosamala "zotulutsa zamakono" ndikusankha zomwe zikugwirizana nazo.
③ Kuchuluka kwapano
Pazipita conduction panopa mtengo pazipita panopa kuti optocoupler angathe kupirira pochititsa. Apanso, tiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti tikudziwa kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa zomwe polojekitiyi ikufunika komanso kuti magetsi olowera ndi ati tisanagule. Onetsetsani kuti mtengo wapamwamba ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panopa sizili malire, koma kuti pali malire.
④ Khazikitsani chithunzithunzi molondola
Posankha optocoupler yoyenera, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito polojekiti yeniyeni. Kukhazikitsa komweko ndikosavuta, ingolumikizani ma terminals olumikizidwa ndi gawo lililonse lolowera mbali ndi gawo lotulutsa. Komabe, samalani kuti musasokoneze mbali yolowera ndi mbali yotulutsa. Choncho, muyenera kuonanso zizindikiro mu deta tebulo, kotero kuti simudzapeza kuti photoelectric coupler phazi molakwika pambuyo kujambula bolodi PCB.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-29-2023