TW class attosecond X-ray pulse laser

TW class attosecond X-ray pulse laser
Attosecond X-raypulse laserokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kugunda kwafupipafupi ndiye chinsinsi chothandizira mawonedwe a Ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy ndi X-ray diffraction imaging. Gulu lofufuza ku United States linagwiritsa ntchito masitepe awiriX-ray wopanda ma elekitironi laserskutulutsa mphamvu za attosecond pulses. Poyerekeza ndi malipoti omwe alipo kale, mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri ya pulses ikuwonjezeka ndi dongosolo la kukula kwake, mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri ndi 1.1 TW, ndipo mphamvu yapakati ndi yoposa 100 μJ. Phunziroli limaperekanso umboni wamphamvu wa khalidwe la soliton-ngati superradiation m'munda wa X-ray.Ma lasers amphamvu kwambiriayendetsa madera ambiri atsopano ofufuza, kuphatikiza ma fizikisi apamwamba kwambiri, ma attosecond spectroscopy, ndi ma laser particle accelerators. Mwa mitundu yonse ya ma lasers, ma X-ray amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira zachipatala, kuzindikira zolakwika zamakampani, kuyang'anira chitetezo ndi kafukufuku wasayansi. X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) imatha kukulitsa mphamvu ya X-ray pachimake ndi maulamuliro angapo a ukulu poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wina wa X-ray, motero kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray kumalo osawoneka bwino komanso osakwatiwa. particle diffraction kujambula kumene mphamvu yaikulu ikufunika. Attosecond XFEL yomwe yachita bwino posachedwa ndi kupambana kwakukulu mu sayansi ndi ukadaulo wa attosecond, kukulitsa mphamvu yopezeka pachimake ndi maulalo opitilira sikisi a ukulu poyerekeza ndi magwero a X-ray a benchtop.

Ma electron lasers aulereatha kupeza mphamvu ya kugunda kwa madongosolo ambiri a ukulu kuposa mlingo wodziwikiratu wa umuna pogwiritsa ntchito kusakhazikika kwapagulu, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kusagwirizana kosalekeza kwa gawo la radiation mu mtengo wa relativistic electron ndi maginito oscillator. M'magulu olimba a X-ray (pafupifupi 0.01 nm mpaka 0.1 nm wavelength), FEL imapezeka mwa kuponderezana kwa mtolo ndi njira za post-saturation coning. M'mitundu yofewa ya X-ray (pafupifupi 0.1 nm mpaka 10 nm wavelength), FEL imayendetsedwa ndi ukadaulo watsopano wagawo. Posachedwapa, ma pulse a attosecond okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya 100 GW akuti apangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbikitsira yodzipangira yokha (ESASE).

Gulu lofufuzalo linagwiritsa ntchito njira yokulitsa ya magawo awiri yotengera XFEL kuti ikweze kutulutsa kofewa kwa X-ray attosecond pulse kuchokera ku linac coherent.gwero lowalampaka mulingo wa TW, kuwongolera kwakukula kuposa zotsatira zomwe zanenedwa. Kukonzekera koyesera kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Malingana ndi njira ya ESASE, photocathode emitter imasinthidwa kuti ipeze mtengo wa electron ndi spike yapamwamba, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga attosecond X-ray pulses. Kuthamanga koyambirira kumakhala kutsogolo kwa spike ya mtengo wa electron, monga momwe tawonetsera pa ngodya ya kumanzere kwa Chithunzi 1. Pamene XFEL ifika pakutha, mtengo wa electron umachedwa kukhudzana ndi X-ray ndi magnetic compressor, ndiyeno kugunda kumalumikizana ndi mtengo wa electron (gawo latsopano) lomwe silinasinthidwe ndi ESASE modulation kapena FEL laser. Pomaliza, cholumikizira chachiwiri cha maginito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa ma X-ray kudzera pakulumikizana kwa ma attosecond pulses ndi kagawo katsopano.

CHITH. 1 Chojambula cha chipangizo choyesera; Fanizoli likuwonetsa danga la nthawi yayitali (chithunzi cha mphamvu ya electron, chobiriwira), mbiri yamakono (buluu), ndi ma radiation omwe amapangidwa ndi kukulitsa koyamba (wofiirira). XTCAV, X-band transverse cavity; cVMI, coaxial imaging imaging system; FZP, Fresnel band mbale mbale spectrometer

Ma pulse onse a attosecond amapangidwa kuchokera ku phokoso, kotero kuti phokoso lililonse limakhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso nthawi, zomwe ofufuza adazifufuza mwatsatanetsatane. Pankhani ya spectra, adagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Fresnel band plate spectrometer kuti ayese mawonekedwe a pulse pawokha pautali wofanana wa undulator, ndipo adapeza kuti mawonekedwewa amakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe osalala ngakhale atakulitsa chachiwiri, kuwonetsa kuti ma pulse amakhalabe osasinthika. Munthawi yanthawi, mphonje yamakona imayezedwa ndipo mawonekedwe amtundu wanthawi ya pulse amadziwika. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1, kugunda kwa X-ray kumapindika ndi kugunda kwa laser kozungulira polarized infrared. Ma photoelectrons opangidwa ndi X-ray pulse adzatulutsa mikwingwirima molunjika motsutsana ndi mphamvu ya vekitala ya laser infrared. Chifukwa gawo lamagetsi la laser limazungulira ndi nthawi, kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa photoelectron kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nthawi ya kutulutsa ma elekitironi, ndipo ubale pakati pa njira ya angular ya nthawi yotulutsa ndi kugawa kwamphamvu kwa photoelectron kumakhazikitsidwa. Kugawidwa kwa mphamvu ya photoelectron kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito coaxial imaging imaging spectrometer. Kutengera kugawa ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino, mawonekedwe amtundu wa nthawi ya attosecond pulses amatha kumangidwanso. Chithunzi 2 (a) chikuwonetsa kugawanika kwa nthawi yopuma, ndipakati pa 440 ngati. Potsirizira pake, chowunikira chowunikira mpweya chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mphamvu ya pulse, ndipo chiwembu chobalalitsa pakati pa nsonga yapamwamba ya mphamvu ndi nthawi ya pulse monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2 (b) chinawerengedwa. Masinthidwe atatuwa amagwirizana ndi momwe ma elekitironi akuwunikira mosiyanasiyana, mikhalidwe yozungulira yozungulira komanso kuchedwa kwa maginito. Zosintha zitatuzi zidapereka mphamvu zapakati pa 150, 200, ndi 260 µJ, motsatana, ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya 1.1 TW.

Chithunzi 2. (a) Kugawa histogram ya theka la kutalika (FWHM) kutalika kwa pulse; (b) Chiwembu chomwaza chofanana ndi mphamvu yapamwamba komanso kutalika kwa kugunda

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adawonanso kwa nthawi yoyamba chodabwitsa cha soliton-ngati superemission mu X-ray band, yomwe imawoneka ngati kufupikitsa kwapang'onopang'ono pakukulitsa. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa ma electron ndi ma radiation, ndi mphamvu zomwe zimasamutsidwa mofulumira kuchokera ku electron kupita kumutu wa X-ray pulse ndikubwerera ku electron kuchokera kumchira wa phokoso. Kupyolera mu kufufuza mozama za chodabwitsa ichi, zikuyembekezeka kuti ma X-ray omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri zitha kuzindikirika pokulitsa njira yokulirapo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wofupikitsa kugunda kwamtima ngati soliton.