Chowunikira chojambula cha lithiamu niobate (LN) cha filimu yopyapyala

Chowunikira chojambula cha lithiamu niobate (LN) cha filimu yopyapyala

Lithium niobate (LN) ili ndi kapangidwe kake ka kristalo komanso zotsatira zake zakuthupi, monga zotsatira zake zosakhala za mzere, zotsatira zake zamagetsi, zotsatira zake zamagetsi, ndi zotsatira zake zamagetsi. Nthawi yomweyo, ili ndi ubwino wa zenera lowonekera bwino la optical komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Makhalidwe amenewa amapangitsa LN kukhala nsanja yofunika kwambiri ya mibadwo yatsopano ya ma photonics ophatikizika. Mu zida zamagetsi ndi machitidwe a optoelectronic, makhalidwe a LN amatha kupereka ntchito zabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulumikizana kwa kuwala kukhale kolimba, makompyuta owoneka bwino, komanso malo owonera kuwala kukhale kofooka. Komabe, chifukwa cha mphamvu zochepa zoyamwa ndi kutenthetsa kwa lithiamu niobate, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa lithiamu niobate pamodzi kukukumanabe ndi vuto lovuta kuzizindikira. M'zaka zaposachedwa, malipoti m'munda uno makamaka akuphatikizapo ma photodetectors ophatikizidwa a waveguide ndi ma photodetectors olumikizana.
Chowunikira ma waveguide cholumikizidwa ndi lithiamu niobate nthawi zambiri chimayang'ana kwambiri pa C-band yolumikizirana ya optical (1525-1565nm). Ponena za ntchito, LN imagwira ntchito makamaka ngati mafunde otsogozedwa, pomwe ntchito yozindikira ma optoelectronic imadalira kwambiri ma semiconductor monga silicon, ma III-V group narrow bandgap semiconductors, ndi zinthu ziwiri. Mu kapangidwe kotere, kuwala kumatumizidwa kudzera mu ma waveguide a lithiamu niobate optical ndi kutayika kochepa, kenako kumatengedwa ndi zinthu zina za semiconductor kutengera zotsatira za photoelectric (monga photoconductivity kapena photovoltaic effects) kuti ziwonjezere kuchuluka kwa carrier ndikusandutsa kukhala ma signals amagetsi kuti zituluke. Ubwino wake ndi bandwidth yayikulu yogwirira ntchito (~GHz), voltage yotsika yogwirira ntchito, kukula kochepa, komanso kuyanjana ndi photonic chip integration. Komabe, chifukwa cha kulekanitsidwa kwa malo kwa lithiamu niobate ndi zinthu za semiconductor, ngakhale kuti chilichonse chimagwira ntchito zake, LN imagwira ntchito yokhayo pakuyendetsa ma waves ndipo zinthu zina zabwino zakunja sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Zipangizo za semiconductor zimangogwira ntchito pakutembenuza ma photoelectric ndipo sizimalumikizana bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gulu logwira ntchito lochepa. Ponena za kukhazikitsidwa kwina, kulumikizana kwa kuwala kuchokera ku gwero la kuwala kupita ku litium niobate optical waveguide kumabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakuchita. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yeniyeni ya kuwala yomwe imayatsidwa pa njira ya chipangizo cha semiconductor m'dera lolumikizira ndi yovuta kuyilinganiza, zomwe zimalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito ake ozindikira.
Zachikhalidwema photodetectorsZomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zithunzi nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku zinthu za semiconductor. Chifukwa chake, pa lithiamu niobate, kuchuluka kwake kochepa kwa kuyamwa kwa kuwala ndi mphamvu zake zotetezera kutentha zimapangitsa kuti mosakayikira isakondedwe ndi ofufuza za photodetector, komanso kukhala kovuta kwambiri m'munda. Komabe, chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa heterojunction m'zaka zaposachedwapa chabweretsa chiyembekezo ku kafukufuku wa ma photodetector ozikidwa pa lithiamu niobate. Zipangizo zina zomwe zimakhala ndi kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa kuwala kapena kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri zimatha kuphatikizidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi lithiamu niobate kuti zibwezeretse zofooka zake. Nthawi yomweyo, makhalidwe a pyroelectric a lithiamu niobate omwe amayambitsa polarization chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka anisotropy amatha kuwongoleredwa posintha kukhala kutentha pansi pa kuwala, potero kusintha makhalidwe a pyroelectric kuti azindikire optoelectronic. Mphamvu ya kutentha iyi ili ndi ubwino wa broadband ndi kudziyendetsa yokha, ndipo imatha kuwonjezeredwa bwino ndikusakanikirana ndi zipangizo zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo kwa zotsatira za kutentha ndi photoelectric kwatsegula nthawi yatsopano ya ma photodetector ozikidwa pa lithiamu niobate, zomwe zimathandiza zipangizo kuphatikiza zabwino za zotsatira zonse ziwiri. Ndipo kuti akwaniritse zofookazo ndikupeza kuphatikizana kowonjezera kwa zabwino, Ndi malo ofufuzira m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira ma ion, uinjiniya wa band, ndi uinjiniya wa zolakwika ndi njira yabwino yothetsera vuto lozindikira lithiamu niobate. Komabe, chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito lithiamu niobate, gawoli likukumanabe ndi mavuto akulu monga kuphatikiza kochepa, zida ndi machitidwe ojambulira, komanso magwiridwe antchito osakwanira, omwe ali ndi phindu lalikulu komanso malo ambiri ofufuzira.

Chithunzi 1, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya chilema mkati mwa LN bandgap ngati malo operekera ma electron, zonyamulira zaulere zimapangidwa mu conduction band pansi pa kuwala kowoneka bwino. Poyerekeza ndi ma photodetector a LN omwe analipo kale, omwe nthawi zambiri anali ochepa pa liwiro loyankha la pafupifupi 100Hz, iziChowunikira zithunzi cha LNili ndi liwiro loyankha mwachangu mpaka 10kHz. Pakadali pano, mu ntchitoyi, zawonetsedwa kuti LN yokhala ndi magnesium ion doped imatha kusintha kuwala kwakunja ndi yankho la mpaka 10kHz. Ntchitoyi imalimbikitsa kafukufuku wa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komansozowunikira zithunzi za LN zothamanga kwambiripopanga ma chips a LN photonic omwe amagwira ntchito bwino ndi single-chip.
Mwachidule, gawo lofufuza lazowunikira zithunzi za lithiamu niobateIli ndi tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri pa sayansi komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito. Mtsogolomu, ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo ndi kuzama kwa kafukufuku, ma photodetector a thin film lithium niobate (LN) adzakula kuti agwirizane kwambiri. Kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira kuti zikwaniritse magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kuyankha mwachangu, komanso ma broadband thin film lithium niobate photodetectors m'mbali zonse kudzakhala zenizeni, zomwe zidzalimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko cha kuphatikizana kwa on-chip ndi minda yanzeru yozindikira, ndikupereka mwayi wambiri kwa mibadwo yatsopano ya mapulogalamu a photonics.