Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi mitundu yayikulu ya semiconductor laser

Mfundo ntchito ndi waukulu mitundu yalaser semiconductor

SemiconductorMa diode a laser, ndi luso lawo lapamwamba, miniaturization ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mafunde, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zigawo zikuluzikulu za teknoloji ya optoelectronic m'madera monga kulankhulana, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mafakitale. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsanso mfundo zogwirira ntchito ndi mitundu ya ma semiconductor lasers, omwe ndi osavuta kutengera ofufuza ambiri a optoelectronic.

1. Mfundo yotulutsa kuwala kwa ma semiconductor lasers

Mfundo ya luminescence ya ma semiconductor lasers imatengera kapangidwe ka bandi, kusintha kwamagetsi komanso kutulutsa kolimbikitsa kwa zida za semiconductor. Zida za semiconductor ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi bandgap, zomwe zimaphatikizapo gulu la valence ndi band conduction. Zinthu zikafika pansi, ma elekitironi amadzaza gulu la valence pomwe mulibe ma elekitironi mu bandi yoyendetsera. Pamene gawo lina lamagetsi likugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kapena jekeseni wamakono, ma elekitironi ena amatha kusintha kuchokera ku gulu la valence kupita ku bandi ya conduction, kupanga ma electron-hole pairs. Panthawi yotulutsa mphamvu, pamene ma electron-hole awiriwa amalimbikitsidwa ndi dziko lakunja, ma photons, ndiko kuti, lasers, adzapangidwa.

2. Njira zokondweretsa za lasers za semiconductor

Pali njira zitatu zokomera ma lasers a semiconductor, zomwe ndi mtundu wa jakisoni wamagetsi, mtundu wa mpope wowoneka bwino ndi mtundu wokomerera wa ma elekitironi okwera kwambiri.

Ma laser a semiconductor opangidwa ndi magetsi: Nthawi zambiri, amakhala ma semiconductor surface-junction diode opangidwa ndi zinthu monga gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium phosphide (InP), ndi zinc sulfide (ZnS). Amakondwera ndi jekeseni wamakono motsatira kukondera kutsogolo, kutulutsa mpweya wolimbikitsa m'dera la ndege.

Ma lasers a semiconductor omwe amapopedwa bwino: Nthawi zambiri, ma semiconductor amodzi amtundu wa N kapena P (monga GaAS, InAs, InSb, etc.) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chogwirira ntchito, ndipolaseropangidwa ndi ma lasers ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chisangalalo chopopera.

Ma electron amphamvu kwambiri a semiconductor lasers: Nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsanso ntchito ma semiconductor single crystals amtundu wa N kapena P (monga PbS,CdS,ZhO, etc.) Pakati pa zida za laser za semiconductor, yomwe imagwira bwino ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndi laser yamagetsi ya GaAs diode yokhala ndi heterostructure iwiri.

3. Mitundu yayikulu ya ma semiconductor lasers

Chigawo Chogwira Ntchito cha laser semiconductor ndiye malo oyambira kupanga ma photon ndi kukulitsa, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi ma micrometer ochepa. Zomangamanga zamkati za ma waveguide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuletsa kufalikira kwa ma photon ndikuwonjezera mphamvu (monga ma ridge waveguide ndi ma heterojunctions okwiriridwa). Laser imatenga kamangidwe ka kutentha kwa kutentha ndikusankha zida zopangira matenthedwe apamwamba (monga copper-tungsten alloy) kuti azitha kutentha mwachangu, zomwe zingalepheretse kugwedezeka kwa mafunde chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo ndi mawonekedwe akugwiritsa ntchito, ma semiconductor lasers amatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi awa:

Laser ya Edge-Emitting Laser (EEL)

Laser imachokera ku cleavage pamwamba pa mbali ya chip, kupanga malo ozungulira (ndi Divergence Angle pafupifupi 30 ° × 10 °). Mafunde odziwika bwino amaphatikizapo 808nm (popopera), 980 nm (polankhulana), ndi 1550 nm (pakulumikizana kwa fiber). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale odula kwambiri, magwero opopera CHIKWANGWANI laser, ndi maukonde olumikizirana msana.

2. Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)

Laser imatulutsa perpendicularly pamwamba pa chip, ndi mtengo wozungulira komanso wofanana (kusiyana kwa Angle <15 °). Imaphatikiza chowunikira cha Bragg (DBR), ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa chowunikira chakunja. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sensing ya 3D (monga kuzindikira nkhope ya foni yam'manja), kulumikizana kwapang'onopang'ono kwamaso (ma data center), ndi LiDAR.

3. Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL)

Kutengera kusinthika kwa ma elekitironi pakati pa quantum Wells, kutalika kwa mafunde kumakwirira mitundu yapakatikati mpaka patali ya infrared (3-30 μm), popanda kufunika kosintha anthu. Mafoto amapangidwa kudzera pakusintha kwa ma intersubband ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazinthu monga zowonera gasi (monga kuzindikira kwa CO₂), kujambula kwa terahertz, ndi kuyang'anira chilengedwe.

4. Laser ya tunable

Mapangidwe akunja a laser a tunable (gilasi ya grating/prism/MEMS) amatha kukwaniritsa kutalika kwa mafunde a ± 50 nm, okhala ndi utali wocheperako (<100 kHz) komanso chiŵerengero cha kukana kwa mbali (> 50 dB). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu monga dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) kuyankhulana, kusanthula kwa spectral, ndi kujambula kwachilengedwe. Ma laser a semiconductor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zoyankhulirana za laser, zida za digito zosungirako, zida zopangira laser, zida zopangira laser, zida za laser ndi zida zonyamula, makina a laser typesetting ndi kusindikiza, zida zamankhwala za laser, mtunda wa laser ndi zida zodziwikiratu, zida za laser ndi zida zosangalatsa ndi maphunziro, zigawo za laser ndi magawo, etc. Iwo ali zigawo zikuluzikulu za makampani laser. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zake, pali mitundu yambiri komanso opanga ma laser. Popanga chisankho, kuyenera kutengera zosowa ndi magawo omwe akugwiritsa ntchito. Opanga osiyanasiyana ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana, ndipo kusankha kwa opanga ndi ma laser kuyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi gawo lenileni la polojekitiyo.