SPAD single-photon avalanche photodetector

SPADsingle photon avalanche photodetector

Masensa a SPAD photodetector atayambitsidwa koyamba, adagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazowunikira zochepa. Komabe, ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe awo ndi chitukuko cha zofunikira za zochitika,SPAD Photodetectormasensa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira pazochitika za ogula monga ma radar agalimoto, maloboti, ndi magalimoto apamlengalenga opanda munthu. Chifukwa cha kukhudzika kwake kwakukulu komanso kutsika kwaphokoso, sensor ya SPAD photodetector yakhala chisankho chabwino chokwaniritsa malingaliro akuzama kwambiri komanso kujambula kopepuka.

Mosiyana ndi masensa azithunzi a CMOS (CIS) otengera ma PN, mawonekedwe a SPAD photodetector ndi ma avalanche diode omwe amagwira ntchito mu Geiger mode. Kuchokera pakuwona njira zakuthupi, zovuta za SPAD photodetector ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zida za PN junction. Izi zimawonekera makamaka chifukwa chokondera kwambiri, zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto monga jekeseni wa zonyamulira zopanda malire, zotsatira za ma elekitironi otenthetsera, ndi mafunde akuchulukira mothandizidwa ndi maiko osalongosoka. Makhalidwe awa amachititsa kuti akumane ndi zovuta zazikulu pamapangidwe, ndondomeko, ndi zomangamanga.

Common magwiridwe antchito aSPAD avalanche photodetectorzikuphatikiza Kukula kwa Pixel (Kukula kwa Pixel), phokoso lakuda (DCR), kuthekera kozindikira kuwala (PDE), Nthawi Yakufa (DeadTime), ndi Nthawi Yoyankhira (Nthawi Yoyankha). Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a SPAD avalanche photodetector. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mawerengedwe amdima (DCR) ndi gawo lofunikira pofotokozera phokoso la detector, ndipo SPAD imayenera kukhala ndi tsankho kuposa kuwonongeka kuti igwire ntchito ngati chojambulira chithunzi chimodzi. Kuthekera kwa kuzindikira kwa kuwala (PDE) kumatsimikizira kukhudzika kwa SPADPhotodetector ya avalanchendipo imakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ndi kugawa kwa magetsi. Kuonjezera apo, DeadTime ndi nthawi yofunikira kuti SPAD ibwerere ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira pambuyo poyambitsa, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha photon chodziwika bwino komanso kusintha kwamphamvu.

Pakukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida za SPAD, ubale wopinga pakati pa magawo oyambira ntchito ndizovuta kwambiri: mwachitsanzo, miniaturization ya pixel imatsogolera ku PDE attenuation, komanso kuchuluka kwa magawo amagetsi a m'mphepete chifukwa cha kukula kwa miniaturization kumapangitsanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa DCR. Kuchepetsa nthawi yakufa kumayambitsa phokoso lachidziwitso ndikusokoneza kulondola kwa jitter ya nthawi. Tsopano, yankho laling'ono lakwaniritsa kukhathamiritsa kogwirizana kudzera m'njira monga DTI / chitetezo loop (kupondereza crosstalk ndi kuchepetsa DCR), kukhathamiritsa kwa pixel optical, kuyambitsa zida zatsopano (SiGe avalanche layer enhancing infrared response), ndi mabwalo atatu-dimensional okhazikika omwe amazimitsa.