Photodetector ya chithunzi chimodzi yathyola botolo la 80%.

Photodetector ya chithunzi chimodziadadutsa m'mavuto a 80%.

Chithunzi chimodziPhotodetectoramagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera a quantum photonics ndi kujambula kwa chithunzi chimodzi chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wophatikizika komanso wotsika mtengo, koma akukumana ndi zovuta zotsatirazi.

Zolepheretsa zamakono zamakono

1.CMOS ndi thin-junction SPAD: Ngakhale kuti ali ndi kuphatikizika kwakukulu ndi jitter ya nthawi yochepa, gawo loyamwa ndilochepa (ma micrometer ochepa), ndipo PDE imakhala yochepa m'dera lapafupi la infrared, ndi pafupifupi 32% pa 850 nm.

2. Thick-junction SPAD: Imakhala ndi mayamwidwe osanjikiza makumi a ma micrometer. Zogulitsa zamalonda zimakhala ndi PDE pafupifupi 70% pa 780 nm, koma kudutsa 80% ndizovuta kwambiri.

3. Werengani malire a dera: Thick-junction SPAD imafuna voteji ya overbias yoposa 30V kuti zitsimikizire kuti pali chivundikiro chachikulu. Ngakhale ndikuzimitsa voteji ya 68V m'mabwalo achikhalidwe, PDE imatha kuonjezedwa mpaka 75.1%.

Yankho

Konzani mawonekedwe a semiconductor a SPAD. Mapangidwe owunikira kumbuyo: Zochitika za Photon zimawola mokulira mu silicon. Mapangidwe owunikira kumbuyo amatsimikizira kuti ma photon ambiri amalowetsedwa muzitsulo zoyamwa, ndipo ma electron opangidwa amalowetsedwa m'dera la avalanche. Chifukwa kuchuluka kwa ma ionization a ma elekitironi mu silicon ndikokwera kuposa mabowo, jakisoni wa elekitironi amapereka mwayi wokulirapo wa chigumukire. Doping compensation avalanche dera: Pogwiritsira ntchito njira yopititsira patsogolo ya boron ndi phosphorous, doping yakuya imalipidwa kuti iwunikire gawo lamagetsi m'chigawo chakuya chokhala ndi zolakwika zochepa za kristalo, kuchepetsa bwino phokoso monga DCR.

2. Dera lowerengera lapamwamba kwambiri. 50V mkulu matalikidwe kuzimitsa Fast boma kusintha; Kugwira ntchito kwa Multimodal: Pophatikiza ma FPGA control QUENCHING ndi RESET ma siginecha, kusintha kosinthika pakati pa ntchito yaulere (signal trigger), gating (galimoto yakunja ya GATE), ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa imatheka.

3. Kukonzekera kwa chipangizo ndi kulongedza. Njira yowotcha ya SPAD imatengedwa, ndi phukusi lagulugufe. SPAD imamangiriridwa ku gawo laling'ono la AlN chonyamulira ndikuyika vertically pa thermoelectric cooler (TEC), ndipo kuwongolera kutentha kumatheka kudzera mu thermistor. Ma multimode optical fibers amalumikizidwa ndendende ndi SPAD Center kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana koyenera.

4. Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Kuwongolera kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito 785 nm picosecond pulsed laser diode (100 kHz) ndi chosinthira digito nthawi (TDC, 10 ps resolution).

Chidule

Mwa kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ka SPAD (mphambano yakuda, yowunikira kumbuyo, kubweza kwa doping) ndikukhazikitsa gawo lozimitsa la 50 V, kafukufukuyu adakankhira bwino PDE ya chowunikira cha silicon-based single-photon mpaka kutalika kwa 84.4%. Poyerekeza ndi malonda a malonda, ntchito zake zonse zakhala zikuwonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapereka mayankho othandiza pa ntchito monga quantum communication, quantum computing, ndi kujambula kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha. Ntchitoyi yakhazikitsa maziko olimba opititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha siliconchojambulira chimodzi chazithunziluso.