Zigawo zosagwira ntchito za silicon photonics

Zithunzi za siliconzigawo zongokhala

Pali zigawo zingapo zofunika kwambiri mu silicon photonics. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi cholumikizira cha grating chomwe chimatulutsa pamwamba, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1A. Chimakhala ndi grating yamphamvu mu waveguide yomwe nthawi yake ili yofanana ndi kutalika kwa mafunde a kuwala mu waveguide. Izi zimathandiza kuti kuwala kutulutsidwe kapena kulandiridwa molunjika pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuyeza mulingo wa wafer ndi/kapena kulumikizana ndi ulusi. Zolumikizira za grating ndi zapadera kwa silicon photonics chifukwa zimafuna kusiyana kwakukulu kwa index. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muyesa kupanga cholumikizira cha grating mu waveguide yachikhalidwe ya InP, kuwala kumatuluka mwachindunji mu substrate m'malo motulutsidwa molunjika chifukwa grating waveguide ili ndi index yotsika ya refractive kuposa substrate. Kuti igwire ntchito mu InP, zinthu ziyenera kufufuzidwa pansi pa grating kuti ziyimitse, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1B.

Chithunzi 1: Zolumikizira za grating zotulutsa pamwamba mu silicon (A) ndi InP (B). Mu (A), imvi ndi buluu wopepuka zikuyimira silicon ndi silika, motsatana. Mu (B), zofiira ndi lalanje zikuyimira InGaAsP ndi InP, motsatana. Zithunzi (C) ndi (D) zikujambula zithunzi za electron microscope (SEM) za cholumikizira cha grating cha InP chopachikidwa.

Chinthu china chofunikira ndi chosinthira kukula kwa malo (SSC) pakati pachitsogozo cha mafunde owoneka bwinondi ulusi, womwe umasintha mawonekedwe a pafupifupi 0.5 × 1 μm2 mu silicon waveguide kukhala mawonekedwe a pafupifupi 10 × 10 μm2 mu ulusi. Njira yodziwika bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kotchedwa inverse taper, momwe mafundewo amachepa pang'onopang'ono kukhala nsonga yaying'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukula kwakukulu kwakuwalachigamba cha mode. Mode iyi ikhoza kujambulidwa ndi galasi lopachikidwa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2. Ndi SSC yotereyi, kutayika kwa coupling kosakwana 1.5dB kumachitika mosavuta.

Chithunzi 2: Chosinthira kukula kwa ma pattern a ma waveguide a waya wa silicon. Zinthu za silicon zimapanga kapangidwe kozungulira mkati mwa ma waveguide agalasi opachikidwa. Gawo la silicon ladulidwa pansi pa ma waveguide agalasi opachikidwa.

Gawo lofunika kwambiri la passive ndi polarization beam splitter. Zitsanzo zina za polarization splitters zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3. Choyamba ndi Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI), komwe mkono uliwonse uli ndi birefringence yosiyana. Chachiwiri ndi cholumikizira chosavuta cholunjika. Birefringence yooneka ngati mawonekedwe a waveguide ya waya ya silicon ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kotero transverse magnetic magnetic (TM) polarized light ikhoza kulumikizidwa kwathunthu, pomwe transverse electrical (TE) polarized light ikhoza kusakanikirana. Chachitatu ndi cholumikizira cha grating, momwe ulusi umayikidwa pa Angle kuti TE polarized light iphatikizidwe mbali imodzi ndipo TM polarized light iphatikizidwe mbali inayo. Chachinayi ndi cholumikizira cha grating cha magawo awiri. Ma fiber modes omwe magetsi ake ndi olunjika ku mbali ya waveguide propagation amalumikizidwa ku waveguide yofanana. Ulusi ukhoza kupendekeka ndikulumikizidwa ku ma waveguide awiri, kapena olunjika pamwamba ndikulumikizidwa ku ma waveguide anayi. Ubwino wina wa ma grating couplers amitundu iwiri ndikuti amagwira ntchito ngati ma polarization rotators, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuwala konse pa chip kuli ndi polarization yofanana, koma ma orthogonal polarizations awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulusi.

Chithunzi 3: Zogawanitsa zingapo za polarization.