Kwa kulumikizana kothamanga kwambiri kolumikizana ndi silicon-based optoelectronic IQ modulator

Compact silicon-based optoelectronicIQ modulatorkwa kulumikizana kothamanga kwambiri
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma transceivers opatsa mphamvu kwambiri m'malo opangira ma data kwachititsa kuti pakhale magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri.optical modulators. Silicon based optoelectronic technology (SiPh) yakhala nsanja yodalirika yophatikizira magawo osiyanasiyana azithunzi pa chip chimodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zolumikizirana komanso zotsika mtengo. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za chonyamulira chatsopano choponderezedwa cha silicon IQ modulator yotengera ma GeSi EAM, omwe amatha kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi mpaka 75 Gbaud.
Kapangidwe kachipangizo ndi mawonekedwe
IQ modulator yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa imatenga mawonekedwe a mikono itatu, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1 (a). Wopangidwa ndi ma GeSi EAM atatu ndi ma thermo optical phase shifters, kutengera masinthidwe ofananira. Kuwala kolowera kumaphatikizidwa mu chip kudzera pa grating coupler (GC) ndikugawidwa mofanana m'njira zitatu kupyolera mu 1 × 3 multimode interferometer (MMI). Pambuyo podutsa pa modulator ndi gawo shifter, kuwala kumaphatikizidwanso ndi 1 × 3 MMI ina ndikuphatikizidwa ndi fiber single-mode (SSMF).

Chithunzi 1: (a) Chithunzi cha Microscopic cha IQ modulator; (b) – (d) EO S21, extinction ratio spectrum, ndi transmittance of single GeSi EAM; (e) Chithunzi chojambula cha IQ modulator ndi gawo lofananira la kuwala kwa gawo; (f) Kuyimilira kuponderezedwa kwa chonyamulira pa ndege yovuta. Monga tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1 (b), GeSi EAM ili ndi bandwidth yochuluka ya electro-optic. Chithunzi 1 (b) anayeza gawo la S21 la mawonekedwe amodzi a mayeso a GeSi EAM pogwiritsa ntchito 67 GHz optical component analyzer (LCA). Zithunzi 1 (c) ndi 1 (d) motsatana zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a static extinction ratio (ER) pamagetsi osiyanasiyana a DC ndi ma transmission pa utali wa mafunde a 1555 nanometers.
Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1 (e), mbali yaikulu ya mapangidwewa ndi kuthekera kopondereza zonyamulira za kuwala mwa kusintha chosinthira chophatikizika pakati pa mkono. Kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa mikono yakumtunda ndi yakumunsi ndi π/2, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zovuta, pomwe kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa mkono wapakati ndi -3 π/4. Kukonzekera uku kumapangitsa kusokoneza kowononga kwa chonyamulira, monga momwe tawonetsera mu ndege yovuta ya Chithunzi 1 (f).
Kukonzekera koyeserera ndi zotsatira
Kukonzekera koyeserera kothamanga kwambiri kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2 (a). Jenereta yosinthira ma waveform (Keysight M8194A) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lazizindikiro, ndipo ma amplifiers awiri a 60 GHz ofananira ndi RF (omwe ali ndi ma tee ophatikizika a tsankho) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma driver oyendetsa. Mphamvu ya GeSi EAM ndi -2.5 V, ndipo chingwe chofananira cha RF chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kusagwirizana kwa gawo lamagetsi pakati pa mayendedwe a I ndi Q.
Chithunzi 2: (a) Kukonzekera kofulumira kwambiri, (b) Kuponderezedwa kwa Carrier pa 70 Gbaud, (c) Mlingo wolakwika ndi chiwerengero cha deta, (d) Constellation pa 70 Gbaud. Gwiritsani ntchito laser cavity kunja kwa malonda (ECL) ndi mzere wa 100 kHz, wavelength wa 1555 nm, ndi mphamvu ya 12 dBm monga chonyamulira cha kuwala. Pambuyo posintha, chizindikiro cha kuwala chimakulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchitoerbium-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA) kuti alipire zotayika zapa-chip coupling ndi zotayika zoyika ma module.
Pamapeto olandirira, Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) imayang'anira mawonekedwe a sipekitiramu ndi kuponderezedwa kwa chonyamulira, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2 (b) pa chizindikiro cha 70 Gbaud. Gwiritsani ntchito polarization coherent receiver kuti mulandire ma siginecha, omwe amakhala ndi chosakaniza cha 90 degree Optical ndi zinayi.40 GHz oyenerera ma photodiode, ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi 33 GHz, 80 GSa/s real-time oscilloscope (RTO) (Keysight DSOZ634A). Gwero lachiwiri la ECL lomwe lili ndi kutalika kwa 100 kHz limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oscillator wamba (LO). Chifukwa cha ma transmitter omwe amagwira ntchito pansi pamikhalidwe ya polarization, njira ziwiri zokha zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthira analog-to-digital (ADC). Detayo imajambulidwa pa RTO ndikusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito purosesa ya digito ya digito (DSP).
Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2 (c), IQ modulator inayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a QPSK kuchokera ku 40 Gbaud kupita ku 75 Gbaud. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti pansi pa 7% zovuta zowongolera zolakwika (HD-FEC), mlingo ukhoza kufika 140 Gb / s; Pansi pa 20% yofewa yokonza zolakwika (SD-FEC), liwiro limatha kufika 150 Gb / s. Chithunzi cha nyenyezi pa 70 Gbaud chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2 (d). Zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa ndi bandwidth ya oscilloscope ya 33 GHz, yomwe ili yofanana ndi bandwidth ya chizindikiro pafupifupi 66 Gbaud.

Monga momwe chithunzi 2 (b) chikusonyezera, mawonekedwe atatu a mkono amatha kupondereza zonyamula zowoneka bwino ndi liwiro lopanda kanthu lopitilira 30 dB. Kapangidwe kameneka sikafuna kuponderezedwa kwathunthu kwa chonyamuliracho ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazolandila zomwe zimafunikira ma toni onyamula kuti abwezeretse ma siginecha, monga olandila Kramer Kronig (KK). Chonyamuliracho chimatha kusinthidwa kudzera pagawo lapakati la mkono kuti mukwaniritse chonyamulira chomwe mukufuna kupita ku sideband ratio (CSR).
Ubwino ndi Ntchito
Poyerekeza ndi ma modulators achikhalidwe a Mach Zehnder (Ma module a MZM) ndi ma silicon-based optoelectronic IQ modulator, makina opangira silicon IQ ali ndi maubwino angapo. Choyamba, ndi yaying'ono kukula, yocheperako nthawi 10 kuposa ma IQ modulators kutengeraMach Zehnder modulators(kupatula zomangira zomangira), motero kukulitsa kachulukidwe kaphatikizidwe ndikuchepetsa malo a chip. Kachiwiri, kapangidwe ka ma elekitirodi opakidwa safuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitchinjiriza, potero kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chipangizo ndi mphamvu pang'ono. Chachitatu, kuthekera kwa chonyamulira kupondereza kumakulitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu yotumizira, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a GeSi EAM ndi otakata kwambiri (opitilira 30 nanometers), kuchotseratu kufunikira kwa mabwalo owongolera mayankho amakanema ndi ma processor kuti akhazikike ndikugwirizanitsa kumveka kwa ma modulator a microwave (MRMs), potero kumathandizira kapangidwe kake.
IQ modulator yophatikizika komanso yothandiza kwambiri ndi yoyenera kwa m'badwo wotsatira, kuwerengera kwamayendedwe apamwamba, ndi ma transceivers ang'onoang'ono ogwirizana m'malo opangira ma data, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kulumikizana kwamphamvu kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Chonyamulira chopondereza silicon IQ modulator chikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, ndikutumiza kwa data mpaka 150 Gb/s pansi pa 20% SD-FEC mikhalidwe. Kapangidwe kake kophatikizana ka 3-mkono kutengera GeSi EAM ili ndi maubwino ake pakutsata mapazi, mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kapangidwe kake. Modulator iyi imatha kupondereza kapena kusintha chonyamulira cha kuwala ndipo imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuzindikira kogwirizana ndi njira zodziwira za Kramer Kronig (KK) za ma transceivers ophatikizika ambiri. Zomwe zawonetsedwa zimayendetsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa ma transceivers ophatikizika kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kokulirapo kwa kulumikizana kwapang'onopang'ono kwa data m'malo opangira ma data ndi magawo ena.