Mfundo ndi mitundu ya laser

Mfundo ndi mitundu yalaser
Kodi laser ndi chiyani?
LASER (Kukulitsa Kuwala ndi Kutulutsa Kolimbikitsa kwa Ma radiation) ; Kuti mukhale ndi lingaliro labwino, yang'anani chithunzichi pansipa:

Atomu yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri imasintha modzidzimutsa kupita ku mlingo wocheperapo wa mphamvu ndi kutulutsa photon, njira yotchedwa kuwala kwapadera.
Zotchuka zimatha kumveka ngati: mpira pansi ndi malo ake oyenera kwambiri, pamene mpira umakankhidwira mlengalenga ndi mphamvu yakunja (yotchedwa kupopera), nthawi yomwe mphamvu yakunja ikutha, mpirawo umagwa kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo umatulutsidwa. kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Ngati mpirawo ndi atomu yeniyeni, ndiye kuti atomuyo imatulutsa chithunzithunzi cha kutalika kwake panthawi ya kusintha.

Gulu la lasers
Anthu adziwa mfundo ya m'badwo laser, anayamba kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya laser, ngati malinga ndi laser ntchito zinthu m'magulumagulu, akhoza kugawidwa mu mpweya laser, olimba laser, semiconductor laser, etc.
1, gasi laser gulu: atomu, molekyulu, ion;
Chomwe chimagwira ntchito cha laser gasi ndi mpweya kapena nthunzi wachitsulo, womwe umadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amtundu wa laser. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi laser ya CO2, momwe CO2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chogwirira ntchito kuti apange laser infrared ya 10.6um polimbikitsa kutulutsa kwamagetsi.
Chifukwa chinthu chogwira ntchito cha laser gasi ndi mpweya, mawonekedwe onse a laser ndiakulu kwambiri, ndipo kutulutsa kwa laser gasi kumakhala kotalika kwambiri, kukonza kwazinthu sikwabwino. Chifukwa chake, ma laser a gasi adachotsedwa posachedwa pamsika, ndipo adangogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo enaake, monga chizindikiro cha laser cha zigawo zina zapulasitiki.
2, laser wolimbagulu: ruby, Nd: YAG, etc.;
Zida zogwirira ntchito za laser state zolimba ndi ruby, galasi la neodymium, Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), ndi zina zambiri, zomwe ndi ma ion ochepa omwe amaphatikizidwa mu kristalo kapena galasi lazinthu monga matrix, otchedwa ion yogwira ntchito.
Laser yolimba-state imapangidwa ndi chinthu chogwirira ntchito, makina opopera, resonator ndi dongosolo lozizira ndi losefera.Mpando wakuda pakati pa chithunzichi pansipa ndi laser crystal, yomwe imawoneka ngati galasi lowala lowoneka bwino komanso imakhala ndi kristalo wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi zitsulo zosapezeka padziko lapansi. Ndi dongosolo lapadera la osowa lapansi zitsulo atomu kuti amapanga tinthu inversion anthu pamene aunikiridwa ndi gwero kuwala (kungomvetsa kuti mipira yambiri pansi kukankhidwira mu mlengalenga), ndiyeno limatulutsa photons pamene particles kusintha, ndi pamene chiwerengero cha photons ndi chokwanira, mapangidwe a laser.Kuonetsetsa kuti laser yotulutsidwa imachokera kumbali imodzi, pali magalasi odzaza (lens lakumanzere) ndi magalasi owonetsera theka-reflective (lens lamanja). Pamene laser linanena bungwe ndiyeno mwa ena kuwala kamangidwe, mapangidwe laser mphamvu.

3, laser semiconductor
Pankhani ya ma lasers a semiconductor, amatha kumveka ngati photodiode, pali PN mphambano mu diode, ndipo pamene pakali pano akuwonjezeredwa, kusintha kwamagetsi mu semiconductor kumapangidwa kuti kumasula photons, zomwe zimapangitsa laser. Pamene mphamvu ya laser yotulutsidwa ndi semiconductor ndi yaying'ono, chipangizo chochepa mphamvu cha semiconductor chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la mpope (gwero lachisangalalo) lalaser fiber, kotero kuti fiber laser imapangidwa. Ngati mphamvu ya semiconductor laser imachulukirachulukira mpaka imatha kukhala mwachindunji linanena bungwe pokonza zipangizo, amakhala mwachindunji semiconductor laser. Pakalipano, ma lasers a semiconductor mwachindunji pamsika afika pamlingo wa 10,000-watt.

Kuphatikiza pa ma laser angapo pamwambapa, anthu apanganso ma lasers amadzimadzi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mafuta amafuta. Ma lasers amadzimadzi ndi ovuta kwambiri kuchuluka kwake komanso zinthu zogwirira ntchito kuposa zolimba ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.