Mfundo ndi mitundu ya laser

Mfundo ndi mitundu yalaser
Kodi laser ndi chiyani?
Kutulutsa kwa Laser (Kuwala Kwambiri ndi Kutulutsa Kwamphamvu kwa Radiation); Kuti mumve bwino, onani chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa:

Atomu yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zambiri imasinthasintha yokha kupita ku mphamvu zochepa ndipo imatulutsa photon, njira yotchedwa radiation yodzidzimutsa.
Kutchuka kungamveke ngati: mpira pansi ndiye malo ake oyenera kwambiri, pamene mpirawo ukankhidwira mumlengalenga ndi mphamvu yakunja (yotchedwa kupompa), mphamvu yakunja ikatha, mpirawo umagwa kuchokera pamalo okwera kwambiri, ndipo umatulutsa mphamvu inayake. Ngati mpirawo ndi atomu inayake, ndiye kuti atomuyo imatulutsa photon ya kutalika kwa nthawi inayake panthawi ya kusintha.

Kugawa kwa ma laser
Anthu aphunzira mfundo ya kupanga laser, anayamba kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya laser, ngati malinga ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito za laser, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: laser ya gasi, laser yolimba, laser ya semiconductor, ndi zina zotero.
1, gulu la laser ya gasi: atomu, molekyulu, ayoni;
Chinthu chogwira ntchito cha laser ya gasi ndi mpweya kapena nthunzi yachitsulo, yomwe imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde a laser. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi laser ya CO2, momwe CO2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chogwira ntchito popanga laser ya infrared ya 10.6um poyambitsa kutulutsa kwamagetsi.
Popeza chinthu chogwira ntchito cha laser ya gasi ndi gasi, kapangidwe kake konse ka laser ndi kakakulu kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwa mphamvu yotulutsa ya laser ya gasi ndi yayitali kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito a zinthu siabwino. Chifukwa chake, ma laser a gasi adachotsedwa pamsika posachedwa, ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo enaake okha, monga kuyika chizindikiro cha laser pazinthu zina zapulasitiki.
2, laser yolimbagulu: rubi, Nd:YAG, ndi zina zotero;
Zipangizo zogwirira ntchito za laser yolimba ndi ruby, galasi la neodymium, Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), ndi zina zotero, zomwe ndi ma ayoni ochepa omwe amaphatikizidwa mofanana mu kristalo kapena galasi la chinthucho monga matrix, otchedwa ma active ions.
Laser yolimba imapangidwa ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito, makina opompa, resonator ndi makina oziziritsira ndi kusefa. Bwalo lakuda pakati pa chithunzi chili pansipa ndi galasi la laser, lomwe limawoneka ngati galasi lowala lowonekera bwino ndipo lili ndi galasi lowonekera lokhala ndi zitsulo za rare earth. Ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka atomu yachitsulo ya rare earth yomwe imapanga kusintha kwa tinthu timeneti pamene tiunikira ndi gwero la kuwala (ingomvetsetsani kuti mipira yambiri pansi imakankhidwira mumlengalenga), kenako imatulutsa ma photon pamene tinthu tikusintha, ndipo pamene chiwerengero cha ma photon chili chokwanira, kupangidwa kwa laser. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti laser yotulutsidwayo ikutuluka mbali imodzi, pali magalasi athunthu (lens yakumanzere) ndi magalasi otulutsa theka (lens yakumanja). Pamene laser ikutuluka kenako kudzera mu kapangidwe kena ka kuwala, kupangidwa kwa mphamvu ya laser.

3, laser ya semiconductor
Ponena za ma laser a semiconductor, amatha kumveka ngati photodiode, pali PN junction mu diode, ndipo pamene mphamvu inayake yowonjezeredwa, kusintha kwamagetsi mu semiconductor kumapangidwa kuti kutulutse ma photon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti laser ipange. Pamene mphamvu ya laser yotulutsidwa ndi semiconductor ndi yaying'ono, chipangizo cha semiconductor champhamvu yochepa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la pampu (gwero lolimbikitsa) lalaser ya ulusi, kotero kuti laser ya ulusi imapangidwa. Ngati mphamvu ya laser ya semiconductor ikuwonjezeka kwambiri mpaka kufika poti ikhoza kutulutsidwa mwachindunji kuzinthu zopangira, imakhala laser ya semiconductor yolunjika. Pakadali pano, ma laser a semiconductor olunjika pamsika afika pamlingo wa 10,000-watt.

Kuwonjezera pa ma laser angapo omwe ali pamwambapa, anthu apanganso ma laser amadzimadzi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma laser amafuta. Ma laser amadzimadzi ndi ovuta kwambiri mu kuchuluka ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito kuposa zinthu zolimba ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.