Kulankhulana kwa quantum ndiye gawo lalikulu la ukadaulo wazidziwitso za quantum. Kuli ndi ubwino wokhala ndi chinsinsi chonse, mphamvu yayikulu yolumikizirana, liwiro lotumizira mwachangu, ndi zina zotero. Kumatha kumaliza ntchito zomwe kulumikizana kwachikale sikungathe kuchita. Kulankhulana kwa quantum kungagwiritse ntchito makina achinsinsi, omwe sangatanthauzidwe kuti akwaniritse tanthauzo lenileni la kulumikizana kotetezeka, kotero kulumikizana kwa quantum kwakhala patsogolo pa sayansi ndi ukadaulo padziko lonse lapansi. Kulankhulana kwa quantum kumagwiritsa ntchito mkhalidwe wa quantum ngati chinthu chodziwitsa kuti chidziwitso chifalitsidwe bwino. Ndi kusintha kwina m'mbiri ya kulumikizana pambuyo pa kulumikizana kwa foni ndi kuwala.
Zigawo zazikulu za kulankhulana kwa quantum:
Kugawa kiyi yachinsinsi ya Quantum:
Kugawa makiyi achinsinsi a quantum sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa zachinsinsi. Komabe, cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa ndikulankhulana ndi buku la cipher, kutanthauza kuti, kupatsa makiyi achinsinsi mbali zonse ziwiri za kulumikizana kwaumwini, komwe kumadziwika kuti quantum cryptography communication.
Mu 1984, Bennett wa ku United States ndi brassart wa ku Canada adapereka lingaliro la BB84 protocol, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma quantum bits ngati zonyamulira chidziwitso kuti ipange ma quantum states pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a polarization a kuwala kuti ipange ndikugawa bwino makiyi achinsinsi. Mu 1992, Bennett adapereka lingaliro la B92 protocol yozikidwa pa ma nonorthogonal quantum states awiri okhala ndi kuyenda kosavuta komanso theka la efficiency. Ma scheme onsewa amachokera pa seti imodzi kapena zingapo za orthogonal ndi nonorthogonal single quantum states. Pomaliza, mu 1991, Ekert wa ku UK adapereka lingaliro la E91 kuzikidwa pa two-particle maximum entanglement state, yomwe ndi EPR pair.
Mu 1998, njira ina yolumikizirana ya quantum ya mayiko asanu ndi limodzi idaperekedwa kuti isankhe polarization pa ma conjugated bases atatu opangidwa ndi ma polarization states anayi ndi left and proper rotation mu BB84 protocol. BB84 protocol yatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi njira yotetezeka yogawa zinthu, yomwe sinaswedwe ndi aliyense mpaka pano. Mfundo ya quantum insufficiency ndi quantum non-cloning imatsimikizira chitetezo chake chonse. Chifukwa chake, EPR protocol ili ndi phindu lofunikira la theoretical. Imagwirizanitsa entangled quantum state ndi secure quantum communication ndikutsegula njira yatsopano yolumikizirana ya quantum.
kutumiza kwa quantum:
Chiphunzitso cha teleportation ya quantum chomwe Bennett ndi asayansi ena adapereka mu 1993 ndi njira yotumizira ya quantum yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya two-particle maximum enclosed state kuti ifalitse quantum state yosadziwika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa teleportation kudzafika 100% [2].
Mu 199, gulu la a. Zeilinger la ku Austria linamaliza kutsimikizira koyamba kwa mfundo ya teleportation ya quantum mu labotale. M'mafilimu ambiri, nkhani yotereyi imawonekera nthawi zambiri: chifaniziro chachinsinsi chimasowa mwadzidzidzi pamalo amodzi mwadzidzidzi chimawoneka pamalopo. Komabe, chifukwa teleportation ya quantum imaphwanya mfundo ya quantum non-cloning ndi kusatsimikizika kwa Heisenberg mu quantum mechanics, ndi mtundu wa sayansi yongopeka mukulankhulana kwachikale.
Komabe, lingaliro lapadera la kusokonekera kwa quantum limalowetsedwa mu kulumikizana kwa quantum, komwe kumagawa chidziwitso chosadziwika cha mkhalidwe wa quantum wa choyambirira m'magawo awiri: chidziwitso cha quantum ndi chidziwitso chakale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chozizwitsa chodabwitsa ichi chichitike. Chidziwitso cha quantum ndi chidziwitso chomwe sichinatulutsidwe mu njira yoyezera, ndipo chidziwitso chakale ndi muyeso woyambirira.
Kupita patsogolo kwa kulankhulana kwa quantum:
Kuyambira mu 1994, kulumikizana kwa quantum kwalowa pang'onopang'ono mu gawo loyesera ndipo kukupita patsogolo ku cholinga chothandiza, chomwe chili ndi phindu lalikulu pakukula komanso phindu lazachuma. Mu 1997, pan Jianwei, wasayansi wachinyamata waku China, komanso bow meister, wasayansi waku Dutch, adayesa ndikuzindikira kufalikira kwakutali kwa ma quantum states osadziwika.
Mu Epulo 2004, Sorensen ndi anzake adazindikira kutumiza deta ya 1.45km pakati pa mabanki koyamba pogwiritsa ntchito kugawa kwa quantum entanglement, zomwe zikuwonetsa kulumikizana kwa quantum kuchokera ku labotale kupita ku gawo logwiritsira ntchito. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wolumikizirana wa quantum wakoka chidwi chachikulu kuchokera ku maboma, mafakitale, ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Makampani ena otchuka apadziko lonse lapansi akukulitsanso malonda a chidziwitso cha quantum, monga British telephone and Telegraph Company, bell, IBM, at & T laboratories ku United States, kampani ya Toshiba ku Japan, kampani ya Siemens ku Germany, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 2008, "pulojekiti yolumikizirana yotetezeka padziko lonse lapansi yozikidwa pa quantum cryptography" ya European Union idakhazikitsa netiweki yolumikizirana yotetezeka ya ma node 7.
Mu 2010, magazini ya Time ya ku United States inanena za kupambana kwa kuyesera kwa quantum teleportation kwa China kwa makilomita 16 mu gawo la "nkhani zophulika" ndi mutu wakuti "leap of China's Quantum Science," zomwe zikusonyeza kuti China ikhoza kukhazikitsa netiweki yolumikizirana ya quantum pakati pa nthaka ndi satelayiti [3]. Mu 2010, bungwe la National Intelligence and Communication Research Institute of Japan ndi Mitsubishi Electric ndi NEC, ID zomwe zinawerengedwa ndi Switzerland, Toshiba Europe Limited, ndi Vienna yonse ya Austria zinakhazikitsa netiweki yolumikizirana ya quantum ya metropolitan nodes "Tokyo QKD network" ku Tokyo. Netiwekiyi imayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa wa mabungwe ofufuza ndi makampani omwe ali ndi chitukuko chapamwamba kwambiri muukadaulo wolumikizirana wa quantum ku Japan ndi Europe.
Kampani ya Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. yomwe ili ku "Silicon Valley" ku China - Beijing Zhongguancun, ndi kampani yapamwamba kwambiri yodzipereka kutumikira mabungwe ofufuza am'deralo ndi akunja, mabungwe ofufuza, mayunivesite ndi ogwira ntchito zofufuza zasayansi zamabizinesi. Kampani yathu imagwira ntchito yofufuza ndi kupanga zinthu za optoelectronic payokha, kupanga, kupanga, kugulitsa zinthu za optoelectronic, ndipo imapereka mayankho atsopano komanso ntchito zaukadaulo kwa ofufuza asayansi ndi mainjiniya amafakitale. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zopanga zinthu zatsopano payokha, yapanga mndandanda wolemera komanso wangwiro wa zinthu zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maboma, m'magulu ankhondo, m'mayendedwe, m'magetsi, m'zachuma, m'maphunziro, m'zachipatala ndi m'mafakitale ena.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-05-2023