Chiyambi cha ukadaulo woyesera zinthu zamagetsi
Ukadaulo wozindikira kuwala kwa magetsi ndi umodzi mwa ukadaulo waukulu wa ukadaulo wazidziwitso za magetsi, womwe umaphatikizapo makamaka ukadaulo wosinthira kuwala kwa magetsi, kupeza chidziwitso cha kuwala ndi ukadaulo woyezera kuwala ndi ukadaulo woyezera kuwala kwa ukadaulo woyezera kuwala. Monga njira yamagetsi yopezera miyeso yosiyanasiyana yakuthupi, kuwala kochepa, kuyeza kuwala kochepa, kuyeza kwa infrared, kusanthula kuwala, kuyeza kutsata kuwala, kuyeza kwa laser, kuyeza ulusi wa kuwala, kuyeza chithunzi.
Ukadaulo wozindikira kuwala kwa dzuwa umaphatikiza ukadaulo wa kuwala ndi ukadaulo wamagetsi kuti uyeze kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana, komwe kuli ndi makhalidwe awa:
1. Kulondola kwambiri. Kulondola kwa muyeso wa photoelectric ndiko kwakukulu kwambiri pakati pa njira zonse zoyezera. Mwachitsanzo, kulondola kwa kutalika kwa kuyeza pogwiritsa ntchito laser interferometry kumatha kufika 0.05μm/m; Muyeso wa Angle pogwiritsa ntchito grating moire fringe method ukhoza kupezeka. Kutsimikiza kwa kuyeza mtunda pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi mwezi pogwiritsa ntchito laser ranging method kumatha kufika 1m.
2. Liwiro lalikulu. Kuyeza kwa photoelectric kumatengera kuwala ngati njira yolumikizira, ndipo kuwala ndiye liwiro lofalikira mwachangu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse ya zinthu, ndipo mosakayikira ndiye liwiro lofulumira kwambiri lopezera ndikutumiza chidziwitso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira.
3. Mtunda wautali, mtunda wautali. Kuwala ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yakutali komanso telemetry, monga kuwongolera zida, kutsatira magetsi, telemetry ya wailesi yakanema ndi zina zotero.
4. Kuyeza kosakhudzana. Kuwala pa chinthu choyezedwa kungaonedwe ngati mphamvu yoyezera, kotero palibe kukangana, kuyeza kwamphamvu kumatha kuchitika, ndipo ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri yoyezera.
5. Moyo wautali. Mwachiphunzitso, mafunde a kuwala sagwiritsidwa ntchito, bola ngati kubwerezabwereza kwachitika bwino, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwamuyaya.
6. Ndi luso lamphamvu lokonza chidziwitso ndi makompyuta, chidziwitso chovuta chingakonzedwe nthawi imodzi. Njira ya photoelectric ndi yosavuta kulamulira ndikusunga chidziwitso, yosavuta kuizindikira yokha, yosavuta kulumikiza ndi kompyuta, komanso yosavuta kuizindikira yokha.
Ukadaulo woyesera magetsi ndi ukadaulo watsopano wofunikira kwambiri mu sayansi yamakono, kusinthika kwa dziko ndi miyoyo ya anthu, ndi ukadaulo watsopano wophatikiza makina, kuwala, magetsi ndi makompyuta, ndipo ndi umodzi mwaukadaulo wodziwika bwino kwambiri wazidziwitso.
Chachitatu, kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe a makina ozindikira kuwala kwa dzuwa
Chifukwa cha zovuta komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zomwe zayesedwa, kapangidwe ka makina ozindikira si kofanana. Makina ozindikira zamagetsi ambiri amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: sensa, chowongolera ma signali ndi cholumikizira chotulutsa.
Sensa ndi chosinthira chizindikiro chomwe chili pakati pa chinthu choyesedwa ndi makina ozindikira. Chimatulutsa mwachindunji chidziwitso choyesedwa kuchokera ku chinthu choyesedwacho, chimamva kusintha kwake, ndikuchisintha kukhala magawo amagetsi omwe ndi osavuta kuyeza.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimazindikirika ndi masensa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zizindikiro zamagetsi. Sizingakwaniritse mwachindunji zofunikira za zotulutsa, zimafunika kusintha, kukonza ndi kusanthula kwina, ndiko kuti, kudzera mu circuit yowongolera ma signali kuti zisinthe kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chokhazikika, chotulutsa kupita ku ulalo wotulutsa.
Malinga ndi cholinga ndi mawonekedwe a zotuluka za dongosolo lozindikira, ulalo wotuluka makamaka ndi chipangizo chowonetsera ndi kujambula, mawonekedwe olumikizirana deta ndi chipangizo chowongolera.
Dongosolo lowongolera chizindikiro cha sensa limatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa sensa ndi zofunikira za chizindikiro chotulutsa. Masensa osiyanasiyana ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana zotulutsa. Kutulutsa kwa sensa yowongolera mphamvu ndi kusintha kwa magawo amagetsi, komwe kuyenera kusinthidwa kukhala kusintha kwa magetsi ndi dera la mlatho, ndipo kutulutsa kwa chizindikiro cha magetsi cha dera la mlatho ndi kochepa, ndipo voliyumu yamagetsi yodziwika bwino ndi yayikulu, yomwe imafunika kukulitsidwa ndi amplifier ya zida. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe sensa yosinthira mphamvu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za phokoso. Dongosolo losefera limafunika kuti mutulutse zizindikiro zothandiza ndikusefa zizindikiro zopanda phindu za phokoso. Kuphatikiza apo, kutalika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa sensa yamagetsi ndi sensa yamagetsi ndi yotsika kwambiri, ndipo ikhoza kukulitsidwa ndi amplifier ya zida.
Poyerekeza ndi chonyamulira chamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa chonyamulira chamagetsi kumawonjezeka ndi ma order angapo. Kusintha kumeneku kwa ma frequency kumapangitsa kuti makina amagetsi azikhala ndi kusintha kwa qualitative mu njira yodziwira komanso kukwera kwa qualitative mu ntchito. Makamaka, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu mphamvu ya chonyamulira, resolution ya angular, resolution ya range ndi resolution ya spectral zimasinthidwa kwambiri, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a channel, radar, communication, precision guide, navigation, muyeso ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale mitundu yeniyeni ya makina amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitikazi ndi osiyana, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, ndiko kuti, onse ali ndi ulalo wa transmitter, optical channel ndi optical receiver.
Makina amagetsi nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: yogwira ntchito ndi yosagwira ntchito. Mu makina amagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito, chotumizira kuwala chimakhala ndi gwero la kuwala (monga laser) ndi modulator. Mu makina amagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito kuwala, chotumizira kuwala chimatulutsa kuwala kwa kutentha kuchokera ku chinthu chomwe chikuyesedwa. Ma channel a kuwala ndi olandila kuwala ndi ofanana pa zonse ziwiri. Chomwe chimatchedwa njira yowunikira makamaka chimatanthauza mlengalenga, malo, pansi pa madzi ndi ulusi wowala. Cholandira kuwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa chizindikiro cha kuwala chomwe chikuchitika ndikuchikonza kuti chibwezeretse chidziwitso cha chonyamulira kuwala, kuphatikiza ma module atatu oyambira.
Kusintha kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi zambiri kumachitika kudzera mu zida zosiyanasiyana zowunikira ndi makina owonera, pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi osalala, ma slits optical, ma lens, ma cone prisms, ma polarizer, ma wave plates, ma code plates, grating, ma modulators, makina owonera kuwala, makina osokoneza kuwala, ndi zina zotero, kuti akwaniritse kusintha koyezedwa kukhala magawo owonera (amplitude, frequency, phase, polarization state, propagation direction changes, ndi zina zotero). Kusintha kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumachitika ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zosinthira kuwala kwa dzuwa, monga zida zozindikira kuwala kwa dzuwa, zida zama kamera owonera kuwala, zida zotenthetsera kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-20-2023