Gawo Limodzi
1, kuzindikira kumachitika kudzera m'njira inayake yakuthupi, kusiyanitsa chiwerengero cha magawo oyesedwa omwe ali a mtundu winawake, kuti adziwe ngati magawo oyesedwawo ali oyenerera kapena ngati chiwerengero cha magawo chilipo. Njira yoyerekeza kuchuluka kosadziwika komwe kumayesedwa ndi kuchuluka kofanana, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka komwe kumayesedwa ndi gulu loyesedwa, ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kumeneku m'mawerengero.
Pankhani yodziyimira pawokha komanso kuzindikira, ntchito yozindikira si kungoyang'ana ndi kuyeza zinthu zomalizidwa kapena zinthu zomalizidwa pang'ono, komanso kuti muyang'ane, kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera njira yopangira kapena chinthu chosuntha kuti chikhale bwino kwambiri chomwe anthu amasankha, ndikofunikira kuzindikira ndi kuyeza kukula ndi kusintha kwa magawo osiyanasiyana nthawi iliyonse. Ukadaulo uwu wozindikira nthawi yeniyeni komanso kuyeza njira yopangira ndi zinthu zosuntha umatchedwanso ukadaulo wowunikira uinjiniya.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya kuyeza: kuyeza mwachindunji ndi kuyeza kosalunjika
Kuyeza mwachindunji ndiko kuyeza mtengo woyezedwa wa kuwerenga kwa mita popanda kuwerengera kulikonse, monga: kugwiritsa ntchito thermometer kuyeza kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito multimeter kuyeza magetsi
Kuyeza kosalunjika ndi kuyesa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi kokhudzana ndi kuyeza, ndikuwerengera mtengo woyezedwa kudzera mu ubale wogwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu P imagwirizana ndi voltage V ndi current I, ndiko kuti, P=VI, ndipo mphamvu imawerengedwa poyesa voltage ndi current.
Kuyeza mwachindunji n'kosavuta komanso kosavuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita. Komabe, ngati kuyeza mwachindunji sikungatheke, kuyeza mwachindunji n'kovuta kapena cholakwika chachikulu pakuyeza mwachindunji, kuyeza kosalunjika kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Lingaliro la sensa ya photoelectric ndi sensa
Ntchito ya sensa ndikusintha kuchuluka kosakhala kwamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi ubale wogwirizana, womwe kwenikweni ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Pakuzindikira ndi kuwongolera, sensa ndi chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri chosinthira. Kuchokera pakuwona mphamvu, sensa ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: imodzi ndi sensa yowongolera mphamvu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sensa yogwira ntchito; inayo ndi sensa yosinthira mphamvu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sensa yosagwira ntchito. Sensa yowongolera mphamvu imatanthauza sensa yomwe idzayesedwa mu kusintha kwa magawo amagetsi (monga kukana, capacitance) kusintha, sensa iyenera kuwonjezera magetsi osangalatsa, magawo omwe angayesedwe kusintha kukhala magetsi, kusintha kwamagetsi. Sensa yosinthira mphamvu imatha kusintha mwachindunji kusintha koyesedwa kukhala kusintha kwa magetsi ndi magetsi, popanda gwero lakunja losangalatsa.
Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kosakhala kwamagetsi komwe kumayenera kuyezedwa si mtundu wa kuchuluka kosakhala kwamagetsi komwe sensa ingasinthe, zomwe zimafuna kuwonjezera chipangizo kapena chipangizo patsogolo pa sensa chomwe chingasinthe kuchuluka kosakhala kwamagetsi komwe kumayesedwa kukhala kuchuluka kosakhala kwamagetsi komwe sensa ingalandire ndikusinthira. Chigawo kapena chipangizo chomwe chingasinthe magetsi osakhala amagetsi omwe amayesedwa kukhala magetsi omwe alipo ndi sensa. Mwachitsanzo, poyesa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito resistance strain gauge, ndikofunikira kulumikiza strain gauge ku elastic element ya selling pressure, elastic element imasintha strain force kukhala strain force, ndipo strain gauge imasintha strain force kukhala kusintha kwa resistance. Apa strain gauge ndi sensa, ndipo elastic element ndi sensa. Sensa ndi sensa zonse zimatha kusintha magetsi osakhala amagetsi nthawi iliyonse, koma sensa imasintha magetsi osakhala amagetsi omwe amayesedwa kukhala osakhala amagetsi omwe alipo, ndipo sensa imasintha magetsi osakhala amagetsi omwe amayesedwa kukhala magetsi.
2, sensa yamagetsiZimatengera mphamvu ya kuwala kwa photoelectric, chizindikiro cha kuwala chomwe chimalowa mu sensa yamagetsi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyendetsa zokha, kuyendetsa ndege ndi wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema ndi zina.
Masensa a Photoelectric makamaka amaphatikizapo ma photodiode, ma phototransistors, ma photoresistor ma CD, ma photocouplers, masensa a photoelectric obadwa nawo, ma photocell ndi masensa azithunzi. Gome la mitundu ikuluikulu likuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chili pansipa. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kusankha sensa yoyenera kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Mfundo yayikulu yosankha ndi iyi:kuzindikira kwa photoelectric mwachangu kwambiriMa circuit, osiyanasiyana a illuminance meter, ultra-high-speed laser sensor iyenera kusankha photodiode; Sensor yosavuta ya pulse photoelectric ya ma Hertz zikwi zingapo ndi switch ya pulse photoelectric ya low-speed mu single circuit iyenera kusankha phototransistor; Ngakhale liwiro loyankha ndi lochedwa, sensor yotsutsa yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino komanso sensor ya photoelectric yokhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsa, sensor ya photoelectric mu circuit yowunikira yokha ya nyali yamsewu, ndi kukana kosinthika komwe kumasintha molingana ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kuyenera kusankha zinthu zowunikira ma Cd ndi Pbs; Ma rotary encoders, ma speed sensor ndi ma laser sensor a ultra-high speed ayenera kukhala ma photoelectric sensor ophatikizidwa.
Mtundu wa sensa ya photoelectric Chitsanzo cha sensa ya photoelectric
Malo olumikizirana a PNPhotodiode ya PN(Si, Ge, Gas)
PIN Photodiode (Zinthu za Si)
Phodiode ya chipale chofewa(Ndi, Ge)
Phototransistor (chubu cha PhotoDarlington) (Zinthu za Si)
Sensa yolumikizirana ya photoelectric ndi photoelectric thyristor (zinthu za Si)
Maselo ojambulira zithunzi a non-pn junction (zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito CdS, CdSe, Se, PbS)
Zipangizo zamagetsi (zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
chubu cha mtundu wa chubu cha elekitironi, chubu cha kamera, chubu chochulukitsa zithunzi
Masensa ena ozindikira mitundu (zipangizo za Si, α-Si)
Sensa yolimba ya chithunzi (zinthu za Si, mtundu wa CCD, mtundu wa MOS, mtundu wa CPD
Chinthu chozindikira malo (PSD) (zinthu za Si)
Photocell (Photodiode) (Si ya zipangizo)
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-18-2023