Chowunikira chowunikira chizindikiro cha hardware

Kuzindikira chizindikiro cha kuwalahardware spectrometer
A spectrometerndi chida chowunikira chomwe chimalekanitsa kuwala kwa polychromatic kukhala sipekitiramu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma spectrometers, kuphatikizapo ma spectrometers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gulu la kuwala kowoneka, pali ma spectrometer a infrared ndi ultraviolet spectrometers. Malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zobalalika, zitha kugawidwa mu prism spectrometer, grating spectrometer ndi interference spectrometer. Malinga ndi njira yodziwira, pali ma spectroscopes owonera maso mwachindunji, ma spectroscopes ojambulira ndi mafilimu owonetsa zithunzi, ndi ma spectrophotometer ozindikira mawonekedwe okhala ndi ma photoelectric kapena thermoelectric element. A monochromator ndi chida chowoneka bwino chomwe chimatulutsa mzere umodzi wokha wa chromatographic podutsa, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi zida zina zowunikira.
Ma spectrometer wamba amakhala ndi nsanja yowonera komanso makina ozindikira. Ili ndi magawo akulu otsatirawa:
1. Kuphwanyidwa kwa zochitika: malo a chinthu chojambula cha spectrometer chopangidwa pansi pa kuwala kwa chochitikacho.
2. Chigawo chophatikizira: kuwala kotulutsidwa ndi kang'ono kamakhala kuwala kofananira. Chinthu chophatikizanacho chikhoza kukhala chodziyimira pawokha, galasi, kapena chophatikizika mwachindunji pa chinthu chobalalitsa, monga kabati kakang'ono kamene kamakhala mu concave grating spectrometer.
(3) Kubalalika chinthu: kawirikawiri ntchito kabati, kuti kuwala chizindikiro mu danga monga wavelength kubalalitsidwa mu matabwa angapo.
4. Choyang'ana: Yang'anani pa mtengo wobalalitsira kuti apange zithunzi zingapo zong'ambika pa ndege, pomwe chithunzi chilichonse chimagwirizana ndi kutalika kwake.
5. Detector array: amayikidwa pa ndege yolunjika kuti ayeze kukula kwa kuwala kwa chithunzi chilichonse cha kutalika kwa mawonekedwe. Gulu la zowunikira zimatha kukhala gulu la CCD kapena mitundu ina ya zowunikira kuwala.
Ma spectrometer odziwika kwambiri m'ma laboratories akuluakulu ndi mawonekedwe a CT, ndipo kalasi iyi ya ma spectrometer imatchedwanso ma monochromators, omwe amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
1, symmetrical off-axis scanning CT kapangidwe, kapangidwe kameneka ndi njira yamkati yowoneka bwino yofananira, gudumu la nsanja lili ndi olamulira apakati amodzi okha. Chifukwa cha symmetry yathunthu, padzakhala kusiyanitsa kwachiwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwala kosokera kolimba, ndipo chifukwa ndi scan-axis scan, kulondola kudzachepetsedwa.
2, asymmetric axial scanning CT kapangidwe, ndiko kuti, njira yamkati yowoneka bwino siimayimitsidwa, gudumu la nsanjayo lili ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri zapakati, kuonetsetsa kuti kasinthasintha wa kabatiyo kafufuzidwa mu olamulira, ndikuletsa kuwala kosokera, kuwongolera kulondola. Mapangidwe a mawonekedwe a asymmetric in-axis scanning CT amazungulira mfundo zitatu zofunika: kukhathamiritsa chithunzithunzi, kuchotsa kuwala kwachiwiri, ndikukulitsa kuwala kowala.
Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi izi: A. chochitikagwero lowalaB. Khomo lolowera C. galasi lolowera D. grating E. galasi lolunjika F. Kutuluka (kung'amba)G.Photodetector
Spectroscope (Spectroscope) ndi chida chasayansi chomwe chimaphwanya kuwala kovutirapo kukhala mizere yowoneka bwino, yokhala ndi ma prism kapena ma diffraction grating, ndi zina zotero, pogwiritsa ntchito spectrometer kuyeza kuwala komwe kumawonekera kuchokera pamwamba pa chinthu. Kuwala kwamitundu isanu ndi iwiri padzuwa ndi gawo la diso lamaliseche lingathe kugawidwa (kuwala kowoneka), koma ngati spectrometer idzawola dzuŵa, molingana ndi makonzedwe a wavelength, kuwala kowoneka kumangotengera kagawo kakang'ono ka spectrum, ena onse ndi maso sangathe kusiyanitsa sipekitiramu, monga infuraredi, mayikirowevu, ultraviolet, X-ray ndi zina zotero. Kupyolera mu kujambula kwa chidziwitso cha kuwala ndi spectrometer, kupangidwa kwa mbale zojambulira zithunzi, kapena kuwonetseratu kwa makompyuta kwa zida zowerengera ndi kusanthula, kuti muwone zomwe zili m'nkhaniyo. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, kuwonongeka kwa madzi, ukhondo wa chakudya, mafakitale azitsulo ndi zina zotero.