Njira zopangira ma multiplexing ndi mgwirizano wawo pa chip: ndemanga

Njira zopangira ma multiplexing ndi mgwirizano wawo pa ma chip ndi ma hardwarekulankhulana kwa ulusi wa kuwalandemanga

Njira zopangira ma multiplexing a optical ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri yofufuza, ndipo akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi akuchita kafukufuku wozama pankhaniyi. Kwa zaka zambiri, ukadaulo wambiri wa multiplex monga wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), mode division multiplexing (MDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), polarization multiplexing (PDM) ndi orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) waperekedwa. Ukadaulo wa Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) umalola zizindikiro ziwiri kapena zingapo za ma wavelength osiyanasiyana kuti zifalitsidwe nthawi imodzi kudzera mu ulusi umodzi, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito bwino mawonekedwe otsika a ulusiwo pamlingo waukulu wa wavelength. Chiphunzitsochi chinaperekedwa koyamba ndi Delange mu 1970, ndipo mpaka mu 1977 kafukufuku woyambira wa ukadaulo wa WDM unayamba, womwe unayang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki olumikizirana. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndi chitukuko chopitilira chaulusi wowala, gwero la kuwala, chowunikira zithunzindi madera ena, kufufuza kwa anthu ukadaulo wa WDM kwafulumiranso. Ubwino wa polarization multiplexing (PDM) ndikuti kuchuluka kwa ma signal transmission kumatha kuchulukitsidwa, chifukwa ma signal awiri odziyimira pawokha amatha kugawidwa pamalo ozungulira polarization a kuwala komweko, ndipo njira ziwiri za polarization zimalekanitsidwa ndikuzindikirika pawokha kumapeto kolandirira.

Pamene kufunikira kwa kuchuluka kwa deta kukupitirira kukula, mlingo womaliza wa ufulu wa multiplexing, malo, waphunziridwa mozama m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Pakati pawo, mode division multiplexing (MDM) imapangidwa makamaka ndi ma N transmitters, omwe amakwaniritsidwa ndi spatial mode multiplexer. Pomaliza, chizindikiro chothandizidwa ndi spatial mode chimatumizidwa ku low-mode fiber. Panthawi yofalitsa ma signal, ma mode onse omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa mafunde komweko amaonedwa ngati gawo la Space Division multiplexing (SDM) super channel, mwachitsanzo, amakulitsidwa, kuchepetsedwa ndikuwonjezedwa nthawi imodzi, popanda kukwanitsa kupeza njira yosiyana yogwiritsira ntchito mode. Mu MDM, ma contour osiyanasiyana a spatial (ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana) a pattern amaperekedwa ku ma channel osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, channel imatumizidwa pamwamba pa laser beam yomwe imapangidwa ngati triangle, sikweya, kapena bwalo. Ma mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi MDM mu ntchito zenizeni ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo ali ndi makhalidwe apadera a masamu ndi thupi. Ukadaulo uwu mwina ndi wopambana kwambiri pakutumiza deta ya fiber optic kuyambira m'ma 1980. Ukadaulo wa MDM umapereka njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yolumikizira pogwiritsa ntchito chonyamulira cha wavelength imodzi. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) ndi khalidwe la mafunde a electromagnetic momwe njira yofalitsira imatsimikiziridwa ndi helical phase wavefront. Popeza izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa njira zingapo zosiyana, wireless orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) imatha kukulitsa bwino liwiro la kutumiza mauthenga mu ma transmissions apamwamba (monga wireless backhaul kapena forward).