Mfundo ya laser ndi ntchito yake

Lasese amatanthauza njirayi ndi chida cha zotupa zolumikizidwa, monochromatic, zolumikizana kudzera mu radiation radiation yolumikizidwa ndi mayankho ofunikira. Kwenikweni, m'badwo wa laser pamafunika zinthu zitatu: "wosiyanitsa," amapeza sing'anga, "ndi" gwero logaya. "

A. Mfundo

Dziko loyenda la atomu limagawika m'magulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo posintha ma atomu kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu mpaka mphamvu yotsika, imatulutsa zithunzi zofananira (zomwe-zotchedwa zokha zam'madzi). Momwemonso, chithunzi chikachitika pa dongosolo lamphamvu lamphamvu ndipo limayamwa, limapangitsa atomu kuti isinthe mphamvu mpaka mphamvu yayikulu (yomwe imatchedwa feteleza); Kenako, ma atomu ena omwe kusinthana mpaka kumamphamvu kwambiri kudzasintha kuti achepetse magetsi ocheperako ndi matope (otchedwa radiation). Kusuntha kumeneku sikuchitika kokha, koma nthawi zambiri kufanana. Tikamapanga mkhalidwe, monga kugwiritsa ntchito sing'anga yoyenera, yolimbikitsidwa, yolimbikitsidwa yokwanira kutengedwa kotero kuti zokongoletsera zokongoletsedwa zimakulimbikitsani, ndiye kuti zikakhala zopepuka.

B. Gulu

Malinga ndi sing'anga yomwe imatulutsa laser, laser itha kugawidwa m'madzi a laser, laser yamagesi ndi laser yolimba. Tsopano semiconducki yofala kwambiri ya laser ndi mtundu wa laser yolimba.

C. Ndege

Ma Lasers ambiri amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: dongosolo lodyera, zinthu za laser komanso zoyambira. Makina oseketsa ndi zida zomwe zimapangitsa kuwala, magetsi kapena mphamvu zamankhwala. Pakadali pano, njira yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndiyabwino, magetsi kapena mankhwala. Zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimapanga kuti zitha kupanga kuwala kwa laser, monga ma rublies, a Beryllium, ma utoto owoneka bwino, etc. Sinthani ndikusankha laser.

D. Ntchito

Laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka kulumikizana, laser kuyambira, kudula laseri, zida za laser, chipika cha laser ndi zina zotero.

E. Mbiri

Mu 1958, asayansi aku America, asayansi ndi matauni adapeza chiwonetsero champhamvu ndi babu yamkati yowala kwambiri, mamolekyulu a galasi amawala kwambiri. Malinga ndi izi, adanena za "lasefu" la laser "ndiye kuti, pomwe mankhwalawa amasangalala ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe monga kusungunuka kwachilengedwe kwa mamolekyulu ake, kumatulutsa kuwala kotereku komwe sikusinthana - laser. Adapeza mapepala ofunikira pa izi.

Pambuyo pa kufalitsa kafukufuku wa Sciolo ndi Tomani ' Pa Meyi 15, 1960, Meyinman, wasayansi wa labotale ku California, adalengeza kuti adalandira a Microns a 0.6933

Pa Julayi 7, 1960, Mayman adalengeza za kubadwa kwa laser yoyamba ya dziko lapansi, chiwembu cha Marman ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma atomu ofiira kwambiri, pomwe amatulutsa kutentha kwambiri, kumatha kufikira pamapeto pake, kumatha kufikira pamapeto pake, kumatha kufikira pamapeto pake, kumatha kufikira pamapeto ena, imatha kufika pa kutentha kwambiri kuposa dzuwa.

Soviet Asayansi H.Γ Baov adapanga semiconductor la serser mu 1960. Kapangidwe ka semiconducki ya serser nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa ndi p wosanjikiza, n wosanjikiza ndi yofiyira pawiri. Makhalidwe ake ndi awa: kukula kochepa, kuphatikiza kwakukulu, liwiro loyankha mwachangu, kukula kwamphamvu ndi kukula koyenera ndi kukula kwa fiber, kumatha kusinthidwa mwachindunji, kuphatikiza mogwirizana.

Zisanu ndi chimodzi, zina mwa njira zazikuluzikulu za laser

F. Laser kulumikizana

Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kufalitsa zidziwitso ndizofala kwambiri masiku ano. Mwachitsanzo, zombo zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuti azilankhulana, ndipo magetsi amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito ofiira, achikaso, komanso obiriwira. Koma njira zonse zotsatsira chidziwitso pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala wamba kumatha kungokhala ndi mtunda waufupi. Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa chidziwitso kwa malo akutali kudzera mu kuwala, simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala wamba, koma gwiritsani ntchito ma lasers.

Ndiye mumapereka bwanji laser? Tikudziwa kuti magetsi amatha kunyamula mawaya a mkuwa, koma kuwala sikunganyamulidwe m'mawere wamba achitsulo. Kuti izi zitheke, asayansi apanga chofatsa chomwe chingafanane ndi chiberekero cham'mimba, chotchedwa fiber. Phazi lopenga limapangidwa ndi zida zapadera zagalasi, m'mimba mwake imakhala yocheperako kuposa tsitsi la munthu, nthawi zambiri mamiliyoni 50 mpaka 150, komanso zofewa.

M'malo mwake, pakatikatikati mwa fiber ndi mndandanda wagalasi wowoneka bwino wamagalasi owoneka bwino, ndipo zokutira zakunja zimapangidwa ndi galasi lotsika kapena pulasitiki. Kapangidwe kameneka, kumbali imodzi, kumapangitsa kuti magetsi azitha kusanza mkati mwapakati pa chitoliro chamadzi, magetsi adalowa mkati mwa waya, ngakhale masauzande ambiri amasintha ndipo amasintha. Kumbali inayo, cholumikizira chotsika mtengo chimatha kuletsa kuwala kuti utuluke, pomwe chitoliro chamadzi sichimayang'ana ndipo chitsikiro chosanjikiza cha waya sichimachita magetsi.

Kuwoneka kwa katentheka kumathetsa njira yoperekera magetsi, koma sizitanthauza kuti, kuwala kulikonse kumatha kufalikira kutali kwambiri. Kuwala kokha, mtundu wangwiro, laser wabwino kwambiri, ndiye gwero labwino kwambiri kufalitsa chidziwitso, ndikuyika kuchokera kumapeto kwa chipilalacho, pafupifupi palibe kutayika ndipo kutulutsa kuchokera kumapeto kwina. Chifukwa chake, kulankhulana kowoneka bwino kwenikweni ndi kulumikizana kwakukulukulu, komwe kumakhala ndi maubwino kwambiri, gwero lalikulu, ndi chinsinsi, ndi zina mwanzeru munjira yosinthira.