Chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili ndi kutentha kopitirira zero yeniyeni chimatulutsa mphamvu mumlengalenga monga kuwala kwa infrared. Ukadaulo wozindikira womwe umagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa infrared poyesa kuchuluka koyenera kwa thupi umatchedwa ukadaulo wozindikira wa infrared.
Ukadaulo wa sensor ya infrared ndi umodzi mwa ukadaulo womwe ukukula mwachangu kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, sensor ya infrared yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ndege, zakuthambo, nyengo, usilikali, mafakitale ndi zachitukuko ndi zina, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Infrared, kwenikweni, ndi mtundu wa mafunde amagetsi, kutalika kwake kwa mafunde ndi pafupifupi 0.78m ~ 1000m spectrum, chifukwa ili mu kuwala kowoneka kunja kwa kuwala kofiira, komwe kumatchedwa infrared. Chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili ndi kutentha kopitilira zero chimatulutsa mphamvu mumlengalenga mu mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa infrared. Ukadaulo wozindikira womwe umagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa infrared kuyeza kuchuluka koyenera kwa thupi umatchedwa ukadaulo wozindikira wa infrared.
Sensor ya infrared ya Photonic ndi mtundu wa sensor yomwe imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photon ya infrared radiation. Chomwe chimatchedwa photon effect chimatanthauza kuti pakakhala vuto la infrared pazinthu zina za semiconductor, kuyenda kwa photon mu infrared radiation kumalumikizana ndi ma elekitironi omwe ali mu semiconductor, zomwe zimasintha mphamvu ya ma elekitironi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi. Poyesa kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pazinthu za semiconductor, mutha kudziwa mphamvu ya infrared radiation yofanana. Mitundu yayikulu ya zozindikira za photon ndi internal photodetector, external photodetector, free carrier detector, QWIP quantum well detector ndi zina zotero. Zozindikira zamkati zimagawidwanso mu mtundu wa photoconductive, mtundu wopangira photovolt ndi mtundu wa photomagnetoelectric. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a chowunikira cha photon ndi mphamvu yayikulu, liwiro loyankha mwachangu, komanso pafupipafupi yoyankha, koma vuto ndilakuti gulu lozindikira ndi lopapatiza, ndipo nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito kutentha kochepa (kuti likhalebe ndi mphamvu yayikulu, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi kapena kuzizira kwa thermoelectric nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa chowunikira cha photon mpaka kutentha kotsika kogwira ntchito).
Chida chowunikira zigawo zochokera ku ukadaulo wa infrared spectrum chili ndi makhalidwe obiriwira, ofulumira, osawononga komanso opezeka pa intaneti, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zikukula mwachangu muukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri pankhani ya chemistry yowunikira. Mamolekyu ambiri a gasi opangidwa ndi ma diatomu osafanana ndi ma polyatomu ali ndi magulu ofanana a kuyamwa mu gulu la infrared radiation, ndipo kutalika kwa nthawi ndi mphamvu ya kuyamwa kwa magulu oyamwa ndi zosiyana chifukwa cha mamolekyu osiyanasiyana omwe ali mu zinthu zomwe zayesedwa. Malinga ndi kufalikira kwa magulu oyamwa a mamolekyu osiyanasiyana a gasi ndi mphamvu ya kuyamwa, kapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu a gasi mu chinthu choyesedwa kumatha kuzindikirika. Chowunikira gasi cha infrared chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa malo oyezedwa ndi kuwala kwa infrared, komanso malinga ndi makhalidwe a infrared absorption a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mamolekyu, pogwiritsa ntchito makhalidwe a infrared absorption spectrum a gasi, kudzera mu kusanthula kwa spectral kuti akwaniritse kapangidwe ka gasi kapena kusanthula kwa kuchuluka.
Kuzindikira kwa hydroxyl, madzi, carbonate, Al-OH, Mg-OH, Fe-OH ndi ma molecular bond ena kungapezeke mwa kuunikira kwa infrared kwa chinthu chomwe chikufunidwa, kenako malo a kutalika kwa mafunde, kuya ndi m'lifupi mwa spectrum zitha kuyezedwa ndikusanthulidwa kuti zipeze mitundu yake, zigawo zake ndi chiŵerengero cha zinthu zazikulu zachitsulo. Motero, kusanthula kapangidwe ka zinthu zolimba kumatha kuchitika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-04-2023