Kulekanitsa koyesera kwa duality ya mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono

Mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka m'chilengedwe. Pankhani ya kuwala, mkangano wokhudza ngati ndi mafunde kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono unayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1600. Newton adakhazikitsa chiphunzitso cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono cha kuwala m'buku lake.Ma Optics, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti chiphunzitso cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kuwala chikhale chiphunzitso chachikulu kwa pafupifupi zaka zana. Huygens, Thomas Young, Maxwell ndi ena ankakhulupirira kuti kuwala ndi mafunde. Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Einstein adapereka lingaliro laMa OpticsKufotokozera kwa quantummagetsi opangidwa ndi zithunzizotsatira zake, zomwe zinapangitsa anthu kuzindikira kuti kuwala kuli ndi makhalidwe a mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pambuyo pake Bohr anafotokoza mu mfundo yake yotchuka yogwirizana kuti kaya kuwala kumachita ngati mafunde kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumadalira malo enieni oyesera, ndipo kuti makhalidwe onsewa sangaonekere nthawi imodzi mu kuyesa kumodzi. Komabe, John Wheeler atapereka lingaliro lake lodziwika bwino loyesa kuchedwa, kutengera mtundu wake wa quantum, zatsimikiziridwa kuti kuwala kumatha kukhala ndi mkhalidwe wa mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta "mafunde kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mafunde kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono", ndipo chodabwitsa ichi chawonedwa m'mayesero ambiri. Kuwona koyesera kwa mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kuwala kumatsutsa malire achikhalidwe a mfundo ya Bohr yogwirizana ndi mafunde ndikufotokozeranso lingaliro la mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.

Mu 2013, motsogozedwa ndi mphaka wa ku Cheshire mu Alice in Wonderland, Aharonov ndi anzake adapereka lingaliro la mphaka wa ku Cheshire wa quantum. Chiphunzitsochi chikuwulula chinthu chatsopano kwambiri chakuthupi, ndiko kuti, thupi la mphaka wa ku Cheshire (cholengedwa chakuthupi) limatha kulekanitsidwa ndi nkhope yake yoseketsa (khalidwe lakuthupi), zomwe zimapangitsa kulekanitsidwa kwa khalidwe la zinthu ndi ontology kukhala kotheka. Ofufuzawo adawona chochitika cha mphaka wa ku Cheshire m'machitidwe onse a neutron ndi photon, ndipo adawonanso chochitika cha mphaka ziwiri za ku Cheshire za quantum zikusinthana nkhope zoseketsa.

Posachedwapa, motsogozedwa ndi chiphunzitsochi, gulu la Pulofesa Li Chuanfeng ku University of Science and Technology of China, mogwirizana ndi gulu la Pulofesa Chen Jingling ku Nankai University, lazindikira kulekanitsidwa kwa mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono taMa Optics, ndiko kuti, kulekanitsa malo a mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mwa kupanga zoyeserera pogwiritsa ntchito madigiri osiyanasiyana a ufulu wa ma photon ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofooka zoyezera kutengera kusintha kwa nthawi yeniyeni. Mafunde ndi tinthu ta ma photon zimawonedwa nthawi imodzi m'madera osiyanasiyana.

Zotsatirazi zithandiza kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwa lingaliro loyambira la quantum mechanics, wave-tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi njira yofooka yoyezera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito idzaperekanso malingaliro a kafukufuku woyesera wokhudza kuyeza molondola kwa quantum ndi kulumikizana kosagwirizana ndi zenizeni.

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Li, JK., Sun, K., Wang, Y. ndi ena. Chiwonetsero choyesera cholekanitsa mafunde awiriawiri a photon imodzi ndi mphaka wa quantum Cheshire. Light Sci Appl 12, 18 (2023).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-022-01063-5