Kuyerekeza kwa photonic Integrated circuit material systems

Kuyerekeza kwa photonic Integrated circuit material systems
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa kuyerekezera kwa machitidwe awiri akuthupi, indium Phosphorus (InP) ndi silicon (Si). Kusowa kwa indium kumapangitsa InP kukhala yamtengo wapatali kuposa Si. Chifukwa mabwalo ozikidwa pa silicon amakhala ndi kukula kochepa kwa epitaxial, zokolola za mabwalo ozikidwa pa silicon nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera kuposa zozungulira za InP. M'mabwalo opangidwa ndi silicon, germanium (Ge), yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchitoPhotodetector(zowunikira kuwala), imafuna kukula kwa epitaxial, pamene mu machitidwe a InP, ngakhale mafunde oyendayenda ayenera kukonzedwa ndi kukula kwa epitaxial. Kukula kwa Epitaxial kumakonda kukhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa kukula kwa kristalo imodzi, monga kuchokera ku ingot ya crystal. Mawaveguide a InP ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a refractive index pokhapokha podutsa, pomwe ma silicon-based waveguide amakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa refractive index mu zonse zopingasa komanso zazitali, zomwe zimalola zida zopangidwa ndi silicon kuti zikwaniritse ma radii ang'onoang'ono opindika ndi zida zina zophatikizika. InGaAsP ili ndi kusiyana kwa bandi mwachindunji, pomwe Si ndi Ge alibe. Zotsatira zake, makina a InP ndi apamwamba kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa laser. Ma intrinsic oxides a machitidwe a InP sakhala okhazikika komanso olimba ngati ma oxides amkati a Si, silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon ndi chinthu champhamvu kuposa InP, chololeza kugwiritsa ntchito makulidwe opindika okulirapo, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku 300 mm (posachedwa kukwezedwa mpaka 450 mm) poyerekeza ndi 75 mm mu InP. InPmodulatorsnthawi zambiri zimadalira quantum-confined Stark effect, yomwe imakhala yosamva kutentha chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka m'mphepete mwa bandi chifukwa cha kutentha. Mosiyana ndi izi, kudalira kutentha kwa ma silicon-based modulators ndikochepa kwambiri.

Tekinoloje ya silicon photonics nthawi zambiri imawonedwa kuti ndiyoyenera kupangira zotsika mtengo, zazifupi, zotsika kwambiri (zopitilira 1 miliyoni pachaka). Izi ndichifukwa choti zimavomerezedwa kuti kuchuluka kwamafuta ophikira kumafunika kufalitsa chigoba ndi ndalama zachitukuko, ndikutiteknoloji ya silicon photonicsili ndi zovuta zazikulu pakugwirira ntchito m'chigawo cha mzinda ndi mzinda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakutali. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti zimenezi si zoona. Zotsika mtengo, zazifupi, zokolola zambiri, laser yotsika pamwamba-emitting laser (VCSEL) ndilaser-modulated laser (DML laser) : laser modulated mwachindunji kumabweretsa kuthamanga kwakukulu kwapikisano, ndipo kufooka kwa ukadaulo wa silicon-based photonic womwe sungathe kuphatikiza ma lasers wakhala vuto lalikulu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mu metro, ntchito zakutali, chifukwa chokonda kuphatikizira teknoloji ya silicon photonics ndi digital signal processing (DSP) pamodzi (yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala m'madera otentha kwambiri), ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kusiyanitsa laser. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wodziwikiratu wolumikizana ukhoza kupanga zolephera zaukadaulo wa silicon photonics pamlingo waukulu, monga vuto lomwe mdima wapano ndi wocheperako kuposa oscillator photocurrent wamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi kulakwanso kuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa yopyapyala mphamvu chofunika kuphimba chigoba ndi chitukuko mtengo, chifukwa silicon photonics luso ntchito mfundo zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zapamwamba complementary zitsulo okusayidi semiconductors (CMOS), kotero masks ofunikira ndi zopangira zopangira ndizotsika mtengo.