Posachedwapa, bungwe la Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences linayambitsa eXawatt Center for Extreme Light Study (XCELS), pulogalamu yofufuzira zida zazikulu zasayansi yozikidwa pa zinthu zambiri.ma laser amphamvu kwambiriNtchitoyi ikuphatikizapo kumanga nyumba yokongola kwambirilaser yamphamvu kwambirikutengera ukadaulo wa optical parametric chirped pulse amplification mu large aperture potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP, chemical formula KD2PO4) crystals, ndi kutulutsa konse komwe kumayembekezeredwa kwa ma pulses amphamvu okwana 600 PW. Ntchitoyi imapereka tsatanetsatane wofunikira komanso zotsatira za kafukufuku wokhudza pulojekiti ya XCELS ndi makina ake a laser, pofotokoza momwe ntchito ndi zotsatira zomwe zingachitike zokhudzana ndi kuyanjana kwa magetsi amphamvu kwambiri.
Pulogalamu ya XCELS idapangidwa mu 2011 ndi cholinga choyamba chofikira mphamvu yayikululaserMphamvu ya pulse ya 200 PW, yomwe pakadali pano yakwezedwa kufika pa 600 PW.dongosolo la laserimadalira ukadaulo waukulu zitatu:
(1) Ukadaulo wa Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa Chirped Pulse Amplification (Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA;
(2) Pogwiritsa ntchito DKDP ngati njira yopezera mphamvu, kufananiza kwa gawo la ultra wideband kumachitika pafupi ndi kutalika kwa 910 nm;
(3) Laser lalikulu lagalasi la neodymium lomwe lili ndi mphamvu ya kugunda kwa ma joules zikwizikwi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupompa amplifier ya parametric.
Kufananiza kwa Ultra-wideband phase kumapezeka kwambiri m'makristalo ambiri ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu OPCPA femtosecond lasers. Makristalo a DKDP amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa ndi zinthu zokha zomwe zimapezeka muzochita zomwe zimatha kukulitsidwa mpaka masentimita makumi ambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera owunikira kuti zithandizire kukulitsa mphamvu ya multi-PW.ma laserZapezeka kuti pamene kristalo ya DKDP ipompedwa ndi kuwala kwa ma frequency awiri kwa laser yagalasi ya ND, ngati kutalika kwa kutalika kwa pulse yowonjezereka ndi 910 nm, magawo atatu oyamba a Taylor expansion ya wave vector mismatch ndi 0.
Chithunzi 1 ndi kapangidwe ka dongosolo la laser la XCELS. Mbali yakutsogolo inapanga ma pulse a femtosecond omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa mafunde apakati a 910 nm (1.3 mu Chithunzi 1) ndi ma pulse a nanosecond a 1054 nm omwe amalowetsedwa mu laser yopompedwa ya OPCPA (1.1 ndi 1.2 mu Chithunzi 1). Mbali yakutsogolo imatsimikiziranso kuti ma pulse awa akugwirizana komanso mphamvu yofunikira ndi magawo a spatiotemporal. OPCPA yapakati yomwe imagwira ntchito pamlingo wobwerezabwereza wapamwamba (1 Hz) imakulitsa pulse yopompedwa kukhala makumi a ma joules (2 mu Chithunzi 1). Mpweya umakulitsidwanso ndi Booster OPCPA kukhala beam imodzi ya kilojoule ndikugawidwa m'ma sub-beams 12 ofanana (4 mu Chithunzi 1). Mu OPCPA yomaliza 12, chilichonse mwa ma pulse 12 a kuwala koyipa chimakulitsidwa kufika pa mulingo wa kilojoule (5 mu Chithunzi 1) kenako chimakanikizidwa ndi ma compression gratings 12 (GC ya 6 mu Chithunzi 1). Fyuluta yogawanitsa ya acousto-optic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo kuti ilamulire bwino kufalikira kwa liwiro la gulu ndi kufalikira kwapamwamba, kuti ipeze m'lifupi mwa pulse yaying'ono kwambiri. Pulse spectrum ili ndi mawonekedwe a pafupifupi 12th-order supergauss, ndipo bandwidth ya spectral pa 1% ya mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi 150 nm, yofanana ndi Fourier transform limit pulse width ya 17 fs. Poganizira kufalikira kosakwanira komanso kuvutika kwa nonlinear phase compensation mu parametric amplifiers, m'lifupi mwa pulse yomwe ikuyembekezeka ndi 20 fs.
Laser ya XCELS idzagwiritsa ntchito ma module awiri a 8-channel UFL-2M neodymium glass laser frequency doubling modules (3 mu Chithunzi 1), pomwe ma channel 13 adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kupompa Booster OPCPA ndi ma OPCPA 12 omaliza. Ma channel atatu otsalawo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nanosecond kilojoule yodziyimira payokha.magwero a laserpa zoyeserera zina. Pokhala ndi malire a kusweka kwa kuwala kwa makhiristo a DKDP, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa pulse yopompedwa imayikidwa pa 1.5 GW/cm2 pa njira iliyonse ndipo nthawi yake ndi 3.5 ns.
Njira iliyonse ya laser ya XCELS imapanga ma pulse okhala ndi mphamvu ya 50 PW. Ma channel onse 12 amapereka mphamvu yonse yotulutsa ya 600 PW. Mu chipinda chachikulu chowunikira, mphamvu yayikulu yowunikira ya njira iliyonse pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera ndi 0.44 × 1025 W/cm2, poganiza kuti zinthu zowunikira za F/1 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira. Ngati kugunda kwa njira iliyonse kukanikizidwanso kufika pa 2.6 fs pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopondereza pambuyo pake, mphamvu yolumikizira yotulutsa yofanana idzawonjezeka kufika pa 230 PW, yofanana ndi mphamvu yowunikira ya 2.0 × 1025 W/cm2.
Kuti mupeze mphamvu yayikulu ya kuwala, pa mphamvu ya 600 PW, ma pulse a kuwala mu njira 12 adzayang'aniridwa mu geometry ya inverse dipole radiation, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2. Pamene gawo la pulse mu njira iliyonse silinatsekedwe, mphamvu yowunikira imatha kufika pa 9 × 1025 W/cm2. Ngati gawo lililonse la pulse litatsekeredwa ndikugwirizana, mphamvu yowunikira yogwirizana idzawonjezeka kufika pa 3.2 × 1026 W/cm2. Kuwonjezera pa chipinda chachikulu chofunira, pulojekiti ya XCELS imaphatikizapo ma laboratories ogwiritsa ntchito 10, iliyonse ikulandira kuwala kamodzi kapena zingapo kuti ziyesedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lamphamvu kwambiri la kuwalali, pulojekiti ya XCELS ikukonzekera kuchita zoyeserera m'magulu anayi: njira za quantum electrodynamics m'minda ya laser yamphamvu; Kupanga ndi kufulumizitsa tinthu; Kupanga kwa ma radiation achiwiri a electromagnetic; Astrophysics ya labotale, njira zamagetsi ambiri komanso kafukufuku wofufuza.
CHITHUNZI 2 Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe a chipinda chachikulu cha chandamale. Kuti zimveke bwino, galasi lophiphiritsira la mtanda 6 limayikidwa kuti liwonekere bwino, ndipo mipiringidzo yolowera ndi yotuluka imasonyeza njira ziwiri zokha 1 ndi 7
Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka malo aliwonse ogwira ntchito a XCELS laser system mnyumba yoyesera. Magetsi, mapampu a vacuum, kuyeretsa madzi, kuyeretsa ndi mpweya zili m'chipinda chapansi. Malo onse omanga ndi opitilira 24,000 m2. Mphamvu yonse yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pafupifupi 7.5 MW. Nyumba yoyeserayi ili ndi chimango chamkati chokhala ndi dzenje komanso gawo lakunja, chilichonse chomangidwa pamaziko awiri ogwirizana. Vacuum ndi machitidwe ena oyambitsa kugwedezeka amayikidwa pamaziko odzipatula, kotero kuti kutalika kwa kusokonezeka komwe kumatumizidwa ku dongosolo la laser kudzera pa maziko ndi chithandizo kumachepetsedwa kufika pa 10-10 g2/Hz mu frequency range ya 1-200 Hz. Kuphatikiza apo, netiweki ya zizindikiro zowunikira za geodesic imayikidwa mu holo ya laser kuti iwunikire mwadongosolo kusunthika kwa nthaka ndi zida.
Pulojekiti ya XCELS ikufuna kupanga malo akuluakulu ofufuzira zasayansi pogwiritsa ntchito ma laser amphamvu kwambiri. Njira imodzi ya XCELS laser system ingapereke mphamvu yowunikira yokhazikika kangapo kuposa 1024 W/cm2, yomwe ingapitirire ndi 1025 W/cm2 ndi ukadaulo wa post-compression. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma pulse owunikira kuchokera ku ma channel 12 mu laser system, mphamvu yofikira 1026 W/cm2 ikhoza kupezeka ngakhale popanda kutsekedwa pambuyo pa compression ndi phase. Ngati kulumikizana kwa phase pakati pa ma channels kwatsekedwa, mphamvu yowunikira idzakhala yokwera kangapo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zophwanya mbiri izi komanso kapangidwe ka multi-channel beam, malo amtsogolo a XCELS adzatha kuchita zoyeserera ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri, kugawa kwa kuwala kovuta, ndikuzindikira kuyanjana pogwiritsa ntchito ma laser a multi-channel ndi ma radiation achiwiri. Izi zidzachita gawo lapadera m'munda wa electromagnetic field experimental physics.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-26-2024