Posachedwapa, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences inayambitsa eXawatt Center for Extreme Light Study (XCELS), pulogalamu yofufuzira zida zazikulu zasayansi zotengera kwambiri.mkulu mphamvu lasers. Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo yomanga kwambirimkulu mphamvu laserkutengera ukadaulo wa optical parametric chirped pulse amplification mumakristali akuluakulu a potaziyamu dideuterium phosphate (DKDP, formula yamankhwala KD2PO4), omwe akuyembekezeka kutulutsa mphamvu zonse za 600 PW. Ntchitoyi imapereka tsatanetsatane wofunikira komanso zomwe zapezedwa pa kafukufuku wa pulojekiti ya XCELS ndi makina ake a laser, kufotokoza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi kuyanjana kowala kwambiri.
Pulogalamu ya XCELS idapangidwa mu 2011 ndi cholinga choyambirira chokwaniritsa mphamvu zapamwambalaserkutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa 200 PW, komwe kwakwezedwa mpaka 600 PW. Zakelaser systemzimadalira matekinoloje atatu ofunika:
(1) Tekinoloje ya Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chikhalidwe cha Chirped Pulse Amplification (Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA) luso;
(2) Pogwiritsa ntchito DKDP monga njira yopezera phindu, kufananitsa kopitilira muyeso kumakwaniritsidwa pafupi ndi 910 nm wavelength;
(3) Kabowo kakang'ono kagalasi ka neodymium kokhala ndi mphamvu yakugunda kwa masauzande a ma joules amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopa chokulitsa chokulitsa.
Ultra-wideband phase yofananira imapezeka kwambiri mumakristali ambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu OPCPA femtosecond lasers. Makhiristo a DKDP amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa ndizinthu zokhazo zomwe zimapezeka pochita zomwe zimatha kukulira mpaka masentimita makumi a pobowo ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovomerezeka othandizira kukulitsa mphamvu za PW zambiri.lasers. Zimapezeka kuti kristalo wa DKDP ikapopedwa ndi kuwala kwapawiri kwa ND galasi laser, ngati kutalika kwa chonyamulira cha pulse yokwezeka ndi 910 nm, mawu atatu oyamba akukulirakulira kwa Taylor kwa ma wave vector mismatch ndi 0.
Chithunzi 1 ndi kamangidwe kachitidwe ka XCELS laser system. Pamapeto pake kwaiye chirped femtosecond pulses ndi wavelength chapakati 910 nm (1.3 mu Chithunzi 1) ndi 1054 nm nanosecond pulses jekeseni mu OPCPA pumped laser (1.1 ndi 1.2 mu Chithunzi 1). Mapeto akutsogolo amatsimikiziranso kulumikizana kwa ma pulses komanso mphamvu zofunikira komanso magawo a spatiotemporal. OPCPA yapakatikati yomwe imagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza (1 Hz) imakulitsa kugunda kwa ma joules makumi khumi (2 mu Chithunzi 1). Kuthamanga kumakulitsidwanso ndi Booster OPCPA kukhala mtengo umodzi wa kilojoule ndikugawidwa muzitsulo zofananira za 12 (4 mu Chithunzi 1). Mu 12 OPCPA yomaliza, 12 iliyonse ya 12 ikulira imakwezedwa ku mlingo wa kilojoule (5 mu Chithunzi 1) ndiyeno imakanizidwa ndi 12 compression gratings (GC ya 6 mu Chithunzi 1). The acousto-mawonekedwe programmable kubalalitsidwa fyuluta ntchito kutsogolo mapeto kulamulira ndendende gulu liwiro kubalalitsidwa ndi mkulu dongosolo kubalalitsidwa, kuti apeze zing'onozing'ono zotheka zimachitika m'lifupi. Kuthamanga kwa pulse kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe pafupifupi 12th-order supergauss, ndipo bandwidth yowonera pa 1% ya mtengo wapamwamba ndi 150 nm, zogwirizana ndi Fourier transform limit pulse width ya 17 fs. Poganizira za chipukuta misozi chosakwanira chobalalitsa komanso zovuta zamalipiro a gawo losagwirizana ndi ma parametric amplifiers, m'lifupi mwake ndi 20 fs.
Laser ya XCELS idzagwiritsa ntchito ma module awiri a 8-channel UFL-2M neodymium glass laser frequency double double modules (3 pachithunzi 1), pomwe mayendedwe 13 adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera Booster OPCPA ndi OPCPA 12 yomaliza. Njira zitatu zotsalira zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nanosecond kilojoule pulsedmagwero a laserzoyeserera zina. Zochepa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kwa makhiristo a DKDP, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa mpweya wopopera imayikidwa ku 1.5 GW / cm2 pa njira iliyonse ndipo nthawi ndi 3.5 ns.
Njira iliyonse ya laser XCELS imapanga ma pulse ndi mphamvu ya 50 PW. Njira zonse za 12 zimapereka mphamvu yotulutsa 600 PW. M'chipinda chachikulu chomwe mukufuna, kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa tchanelo chilichonse pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino ndi 0.44 × 1025 W/cm2, poganiza kuti F/1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana. Ngati kugunda kwa njira iliyonse kumakanikizidwanso ku 2.6 fs ndi njira ya post-compression, mphamvu yofananira yotulutsa mphamvu idzawonjezeka mpaka 230 PW, molingana ndi kuwala kwa 2.0 × 1025 W / cm2.
Kuti mukwaniritse kuwala kwakukulu, pa kutuluka kwa 600 PW, kuwala kwa magetsi muzitsulo za 12 kudzayang'ana pa geometry ya ma radiation a dipole, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2. Pamene gawo la pulse mu njira iliyonse silitsekedwa, kuwonetsetsa kwakukulu kungathe. kufika 9 × 1025 W / cm2. Ngati gawo lililonse la kugunda kwatsekedwa ndi kulumikizidwa, mphamvu yowunikira yolumikizana idzawonjezeka mpaka 3.2 × 1026 W/cm2. Kuphatikiza pa chipinda chachikulu chomwe mukufuna, pulojekiti ya XCELS imaphatikizanso ma laboratories opitilira 10, iliyonse ikulandira chitsulo chimodzi kapena zingapo zoyesera. Pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lowala kwambirili, polojekiti ya XCELS ikukonzekera kuchita zoyeserera m'magulu anayi: njira za quantum electrodynamics m'minda yayikulu ya laser; Kupanga ndi mathamangitsidwe a particles; Mbadwo wa yachiwiri electromagnetic cheza; Laboratory astrophysics, high energy density process and diagnostic research.
CHITH. 2 Kuyika kwa geometry muchipinda chachikulu chomwe mukufuna. Kuti zimveke bwino, galasi lofananira la mtengo 6 limayikidwa kuti liwonekere, ndipo zoyikapo ndi zotulutsa zimangowonetsa njira ziwiri zokha 1 ndi 7.
Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a malo a gawo lililonse logwira ntchito la XCELS laser system munyumba yoyesera. Magetsi, mapampu a vacuum, kuthira madzi, kuyeretsa ndi zoziziritsira mpweya zili m'chipinda chapansi. Malo onse omanga ndi opitilira 24,000 m2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse ndi pafupifupi 7.5 MW. Nyumba yoyeserayo imakhala ndi chimango chamkati chamkati ndi gawo lakunja, chilichonse chomangidwa pamaziko awiri odukaduka. Ma vacuum ndi makina ena opangira kugwedezeka amayikidwa pa maziko osungulumwa, kotero kuti matalikidwe a chisokonezo omwe amatumizidwa ku dongosolo la laser kudzera pa maziko ndi chithandizo amachepetsedwa mpaka 10-10 g2 / Hz pafupipafupi. 1-200 Hz. Kuphatikiza apo, maukonde a zolembera za geodesic amakhazikitsidwa mu holo ya laser kuti aziwunikira mwadongosolo kutsetsereka kwa nthaka ndi zida.
Pulojekiti ya XCELS ikufuna kupanga malo akulu ofufuza zasayansi kutengera ma laser amphamvu kwambiri. Njira imodzi ya XCELS laser system ikhoza kupereka kuwala koyang'ana kangapo kuposa 1024 W/cm2, komwe kumatha kupyola ndi 1025 W/cm2 ndiukadaulo wa post-compression. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma pulses omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kuchokera kumayendedwe a 12 mu makina a laser, kulimba kwapafupi ndi 1026 W / cm2 kumatha kukwaniritsidwa ngakhale popanda kuponderezana ndi kutseka gawo. Ngati kalunzanitsidwe gawo pakati njira zokhoma, kuwala kwambiri adzakhala kangapo apamwamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito kugunda kwamphamvu kwa ma pulse komanso masanjidwe amiyala yamitundu yambiri, malo amtsogolo a XCELS azitha kuyesa mwamphamvu kwambiri, kugawa kowala kovutirapo, ndikuzindikira kuyanjana pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa a ma laser anjira zambiri komanso ma radiation yachiwiri. Izi zitenga gawo lapadera pazambiri zamphamvu kwambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-26-2024