Basic magawo a laser system

Basic magawo alaser system

M'magawo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito monga kukonza zinthu, opaleshoni ya laser ndi kuzindikira kutali, ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya makina a laser, nthawi zambiri amagawana magawo oyambira. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo la mawu ogwirizana a parameter kungathandize kupewa chisokonezo m'mawu ndikuthandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha ndi kukonza makina a laser ndi zigawo zake molondola, potero kukwaniritsa zosowa za zochitika zinazake.

Basic magawo

Wavelength (mayunitsi wamba: nm mpaka μm)

Wavelength amawonetsa mawonekedwe afupipafupi a mafunde a kuwala omwe amapangidwa ndi laser mumlengalenga. Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kutalika kwa mafunde: Pokonza zinthu, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe azinthu zamtundu wa wavelengths kumasiyanasiyana, zomwe zingakhudze momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera. M'magwiritsidwe akutali, pali kusiyana pamayamwidwe ndi kusokonezedwa kwa mafunde osiyanasiyana ndi mlengalenga. Pazachipatala, kuyamwa kwa ma lasers ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khungu kumasiyananso kutengera kutalika kwa mafunde. Chifukwa cha malo ang'onoang'ono olunjika, ma lasers amfupi-wavelength ndizida za laser Opticalkukhala ndi mwayi pakupanga mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono komanso olondola, otulutsa kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi ma laser okhala ndi kutalika kwa mafunde aatali, nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo komanso amatha kuwonongeka.

2. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu (Mayunitsi wamba: W kapena J)

Mphamvu ya laser nthawi zambiri imayesedwa mu watts (W) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kutulutsa kwa ma laser mosalekeza kapena mphamvu yapakati ya ma pulsed lasers. Kwa ma pulsed lasers, mphamvu ya kugunda kumodzi imayenderana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu yapakati komanso mosagwirizana ndi ma frequency obwereza, ndi unit kukhala joule (J). Mphamvu kapena mphamvu zikakwera, mtengo wa laser nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera, ndiye kuti kutentha kumafunikanso kukulirakulira, ndipo zovuta zosunga mtengo wabwino zimakweranso motere.

Mphamvu ya pulse = mphamvu yobwereza mphamvu mphamvu ya Pulse = mphamvu yobwerezabwereza mphamvu

3. Kutalika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (Mayunitsi wamba :fs mpaka ms)

Kutalika kwa kugunda kwa laser, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti pulse wide, kumatanthauzidwa ngati nthawi yomwe imatengeralasermphamvu yokwera kufika theka la nsonga yake (FWHM) (Chithunzi 1). Kuthamanga kwa ma lasers othamanga kwambiri ndiafupi kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuyambira picoseconds (10⁻¹² seconds) mpaka attoseconds (10⁻¹⁸ masekondi).

4. Mlingo wobwereza (Mayunitsi wamba :Hz mpaka MHZ)

Mlingo wobwereza alaser pulsed(ie, kubwerezabwereza kwa pulse) kumafotokoza kuchuluka kwa ma pulse omwe amaperekedwa pamphindikati, ndiko kuti, kubwereza kwa nthawi yapakati pa nthawi (Chithunzi 1). Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwa kubwereza kumasiyana mosagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya pulse ndipo molingana ndi mphamvu yapakati. Ngakhale kuti kubwereza kubwereza nthawi zambiri kumadalira njira yopezera laser, nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa kubwereza kumatha kusiyana. Kukwera kwa kubwerezabwereza, kumachepetsa nthawi yopumula kwa kutentha kwa pamwamba pa laser optical element ndi malo omaliza omwe amawunikira, motero zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zitenthe mofulumira.

5. Utali wolumikizana (Mayunitsi wamba :mm mpaka cm)

Ma laser ali ndi mgwirizano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali mgwirizano wokhazikika pakati pa magawo a gawo la magetsi pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kapena malo. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma lasers amapangidwa ndi mpweya wosonkhezera, womwe ndi wosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri yamagetsi. Panthawi yonse yofalitsa, kugwirizana kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutalika kwa laser kumatanthawuza mtunda umene kugwirizana kwake kwanthawi kochepa kumasunga misa.

6. Polarization

Polarization imatanthawuza mayendedwe a magetsi a mafunde a kuwala, omwe nthawi zonse amakhala perpendicular kwa njira yofalitsa. Nthawi zambiri, ma lasers amakhala ndi polarized polarized, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo lamagetsi lotulutsidwa nthawi zonse limalozera mbali imodzi. Kuwala kopanda polarized kumapanga minda yamagetsi kuloza mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mlingo wa polarization nthawi zambiri umawonetsedwa ngati chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya kuwala kwa zigawo ziwiri za orthogonal polarization, monga 100: 1 kapena 500: 1.