Magawo oyambira adongosolo la laser
M'magawo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito monga kukonza zinthu, opaleshoni ya laser ndi kuzindikira kutali, ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya machitidwe a laser, nthawi zambiri amagawana magawo ofanana apakati. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo logwirizana la mawu ofotokozera kungathandize kupewa chisokonezo pakuyankhula ndikuthandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha ndikusintha machitidwe ndi zigawo za laser molondola, potero kukwaniritsa zosowa za zochitika zinazake.
Magawo oyambira
Kutalika kwa mafunde (mayunitsi wamba: nm mpaka μm)
Kutalika kwa mafunde kumasonyeza momwe mafunde a kuwala amayendera omwe amatulutsidwa ndi laser mumlengalenga. Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pa mafunde: Pokonza zinthu, kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa zinthu za mafunde enaake kumasiyana, zomwe zimakhudza momwe zimachitikira. Mu ntchito zowunikira kutali, pali kusiyana kwa kuyamwa ndi kusokoneza kwa mafunde osiyanasiyana ndi mlengalenga. Mu ntchito zachipatala, kuyamwa kwa ma laser ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khungu kumasiyananso kutengera kutalika kwa mafunde. Chifukwa cha malo ochepa olunjika, ma laser afupiafupi komansozipangizo zowunikira za laserali ndi ubwino popanga zinthu zazing'ono komanso zolondola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha pang'ono kwambiri kukhale kozungulira. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi ma laser okhala ndi mafunde ataliatali, nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwonongeka mosavuta.
2. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu (Mayunitsi wamba: W kapena J)
Mphamvu ya laser nthawi zambiri imayesedwa mu watts (W) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kutulutsa kwa ma laser osalekeza kapena mphamvu yapakati ya ma laser oyendetsedwa. Kwa ma laser oyendetsedwa, mphamvu ya pulse imodzi imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu yapakati ndipo imafanana ndi ma frequency obwerezabwereza, pomwe unit ndi joule (J). Mphamvu kapena mphamvu ikakwera, mtengo wa laser nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera, kufunikira kwa kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kuvutika kusunga kuwala kwabwino kumawonjezekanso moyenerera.
Mphamvu ya kugunda kwa mtima = kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yobwerezabwereza mphamvu yapakati Mphamvu ya kugunda kwa mtima = kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yobwerezabwereza mphamvu yapakati
3. Kutalika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (Mayunitsi wamba :fs mpaka ms)
Kutalika kwa kugunda kwa laser, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kugunda kwa mtima, nthawi zambiri kumatanthauzidwa ngati nthawi yomwe imatenga kutilaserMphamvu yokwera kufika theka la nsonga yake (FWHM) (Chithunzi 1). Kufupika kwa ma laser othamanga kwambiri ndi kochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuyambira pa ma picosecond (masekondi 10⁻¹²) mpaka ma attosecond (masekondi 10⁻¹⁸).
4. Kubwerezabwereza (Mayunitsi Ofanana :Hz mpaka MHZ)
Kuchuluka kwa kubwerezabwereza kwalaser yozungulira(mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa ma pulse repetition frequency) kumafotokoza kuchuluka kwa ma pulse omwe amatulutsidwa pa sekondi imodzi, ndiko kuti, kubwerezabwereza kwa nthawi ya pulse spacing (Chithunzi 1). Monga tanenera kale, kuchuluka kwa ma curse rate kumakhala kofanana ndi mphamvu ya pulse ndipo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu yapakati. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa ma curse rate nthawi zambiri kumadalira laser gain medium, nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa ma curse rate kumatha kusiyana. Kuchuluka kwa ma curse rate, nthawi yopumula kutentha kwa pamwamba pa laser optical element ndi malo omaliza olunjika imafupikitsidwa, motero zimathandiza kuti zinthuzo zitenthe mwachangu.
5. Kutalika kwa mgwirizano (Mayunitsi ofanana :mm mpaka cm)
Ma laser ali ndi mgwirizano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali ubale wokhazikika pakati pa magawo a mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi kapena malo osiyanasiyana. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ma laser amapangidwa ndi kutulutsa kolimbikitsidwa, komwe kumakhala kosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya magwero a kuwala. Pa nthawi yonse yofalitsa, mgwirizano umachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutalika kwa mgwirizano wa laser kumatanthauza mtunda womwe mgwirizano wake wa nthawi umasunga kulemera kwinakwake.
6. Kugawanika kwa ma polarization
Polarization imafotokoza njira ya magetsi a mafunde a kuwala, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala yolunjika ku njira yofalikira. Nthawi zambiri, ma laser amakhala ndi polarized linearly, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti magetsi omwe amatulutsa nthawi zonse amaloza mbali imodzi. Kuwala kosakhala polarized kumapanga magetsi omwe amaloza mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mlingo wa polarization nthawi zambiri umafotokozedwa ngati chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya kuwala ya magawo awiri a orthogonal polarization, monga 100:1 kapena 500:1.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-02-2025