Kuzama danga laser kulankhulana mbiri, ndi malo angati m'maganizo?Gawo loyamba

Posachedwapa, kafukufuku wa US Spirit adamaliza kuyesa kulumikizana kwakuya kwa laser ndi malo omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita 16 miliyoni, ndikukhazikitsa mbiri yatsopano yolumikizirana mumlengalenga. Ndiye ubwino wake ndi utiLaser kulankhulana? Kutengera mfundo zaukadaulo ndi zofunikira za mishoni, ndi zovuta zotani zomwe ziyenera kuthana nazo? Kodi chiyembekezo cha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake m’gawo la kufufuza kwakuya kwakuya n’chiyani m’tsogolomu?

Kupambana kwaukadaulo, osawopa zovuta
Kufufuza mozama mumlengalenga ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri panthawi yomwe akatswiri ofufuza zakuthambo amafufuza chilengedwe. Ma probe amafunika kudutsa mlengalenga wakutali, kuthana ndi madera ovuta komanso zovuta, kupeza ndi kutumiza deta yofunikira, ndipo ukadaulo wolumikizirana umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.

Chithunzi chojambula chakuyankhulana kwakuya kwa laserkuyesa pakati pa kafukufuku wa satellite wa Mzimu ndi malo owonera pansi

Pa Okutobala 13, kufufuza kwa Mzimu kunayambika, kuyamba ulendo wofufuza womwe utenga zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchitoyo, idagwira ntchito ndi telesikopu ya Hale ku Palomar Observatory ku United States kuyesa ukadaulo wolumikizirana wa laser wakuya, pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyandikira a infrared laser kuti azitha kulumikizana ndi magulu padziko lapansi. Kuti izi zitheke, chojambulira ndi zida zake zolumikizirana ndi laser ziyenera kuthana ndi zovuta zosachepera zinayi. Motsatana, mtunda wakutali, kuchepetsedwa kwa ma sign ndi kusokoneza, kuchepa kwa bandwidth ndi kuchedwa, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi mavuto otaya kutentha ndikofunikira. Ofufuza akhala akuyembekezera ndikukonzekera zovuta izi, ndipo adutsa mumndandanda wamatekinoloje ofunikira, ndikuyika maziko abwino a kafukufuku wa Mzimu kuti achite kuyesa kwakuya kwakuya kwa laser.
Choyamba, chowunikira cha Mzimu chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wotumizira ma data, mtengo wosankhidwa wa laser ngati njira yotumizira, yokhala ndimkulu-mphamvu lasertransmitter, pogwiritsa ntchito ubwino wakutumiza kwa lasermlingo ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu, kuyesa kukhazikitsa maulalo olumikizirana a laser mumalo akuya.
Kachiwiri, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika ndi kukhazikika kwa kulankhulana, chowunikira cha Mzimu chimagwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono lamakono, lomwe lingathe kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa kufalitsa deta mkati mwa bandwidth yochepa pokonza ndondomeko ya deta. Nthawi yomweyo, imatha kuchepetsa kulakwitsa pang'ono ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa kufalitsa kwa data pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera zolakwa zamtsogolo.
Chachitatu, mothandizidwa ndi ndandanda wanzeru komanso ukadaulo wowongolera, kafukufukuyu amazindikira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zolumikizirana. Ukadaulo umatha kusintha ma protocol olankhulirana komanso mitengo yotumizira molingana ndi kusintha kwa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira komanso malo olumikizirana, motero kuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kukuyenda bwino pazigawo zochepa za mphamvu.
Potsirizira pake, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yolandirira ma siginecha, pulogalamu ya Mzimu imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolandirira miyandamiyanda. Ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsa ntchito tinyanga zolandirira zingapo kuti zipange gulu, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa chidwi cholandila ndi kukhazikika kwa chizindikirocho, kenako ndikusunga kulumikizana kokhazikika kwapamalo ozama kwambiri.

Ubwino wake ndi wodziwikiratu, wobisika mwachinsinsi
The kunja sikovuta kupeza kutilaserndiye gawo lalikulu la kuyesa kwakuya kwa kulumikizana kwamlengalenga kwa kafukufuku wa Mzimu, ndiye ndi maubwino otani omwe laser ali nawo kuti athandizire kupita patsogolo kwakuya kwakuya kwakuya? Kodi chinsinsi chake ndi chiyani?
Kumbali imodzi, kufunikira kokulirapo kwa data yayikulu, zithunzi zowoneka bwino ndi makanema pamaulendo akuzama zakuthambo zimafunikira kuchuluka kwapaintaneti kwa data pazolumikizana zakuzama. Poyang'anizana ndi mtunda wotumizirana mauthenga womwe nthawi zambiri "ukuyamba" ndi makumi a mamiliyoni a makilomita, mafunde a wailesi "akusowa mphamvu".
Ngakhale kuti kuyankhulana kwa laser kumasungira zambiri pa photon, poyerekeza ndi mafunde a wailesi, mafunde a kuwala kwapafupi ndi infrared amakhala ndi kutalika kwafupipafupi komanso maulendo apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga "msewu waukulu" wa data wokhala ndi mauthenga ogwira mtima komanso osalala. Mfundoyi idatsimikiziridwa poyambirira pakuyesa koyambirira kwa malo ozungulira Earth. Pambuyo pochita zinthu zoyenera zosinthika ndikugonjetsa kusokoneza kwamlengalenga, chiwerengero chotumizira deta cha njira yolankhulirana ya laser nthawi ina chinali chapamwamba kwambiri cha 100 kuposa njira zoyankhulirana zam'mbuyomu.