Basic khalidwe magawo a kuwala chizindikiroma photodetectors:
Pamaso kupenda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya photodetectors, makhalidwe magawo a ntchito ntchito yaoptical chizindikiro photodetectorsakufotokozeredwa mwachidule. Makhalidwewa akuphatikiza kuyankha, kuyankha kwa spectral, mphamvu yofanana ndi phokoso (NEP), kuzindikira kwapadera, komanso kuzindikira kwapadera. D*), kuchuluka kwachulukidwe, komanso nthawi yoyankha.
1. Responsivity Rd imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chipangizocho ku mphamvu yama radiation. Imayimiridwa ndi chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro chotuluka ndi chizindikiro cha chochitika. Makhalidwewa samawonetsa mawonekedwe a phokoso la chipangizocho, koma mphamvu yokhayo yosinthira mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kukhala yapano kapena voteji. Choncho, zikhoza kusiyana ndi kutalika kwa chizindikiro cha kuwala kwa chochitikacho. Kuonjezera apo, zizindikiro zoyankhira mphamvu zimagwiranso ntchito pazokondera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kutentha kozungulira.
2. Mawonekedwe a spectral reaction ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimasonyeza mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu yoyankhira khalidwe la optical signal detector ndi wavelength ntchito ya chochitika kuwala chizindikiro. Mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a optical signal photodetectors pamafunde osiyanasiyana amafotokozedwa mochulukira ndi "spectral response curve". Zindikirani kuti mawonekedwe okhawo owoneka bwino kwambiri pamapindikira amasinthidwa ndi mtengo wokwanira, ndipo mawonekedwe ena amayankhidwe owoneka bwino pamafunde osiyanasiyana amawonetsedwa ndi zikhalidwe zachibale zokhazikika potengera mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wamayankhidwe owoneka bwino.
3. Mphamvu yofanana ndi phokoso ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yowunikira yomwe ikufunika pamene mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa yopangidwa ndi chojambulira chowunikira imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya chipangizocho. Ndilo chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira mphamvu yocheperako ya optical yomwe ingayesedwe ndi detector optical signal detector, ndiko kuti, chidziwitso cha kuzindikira.
4. Kuzindikira kodziwika bwino ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chomwe chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wazithunzi za chowunikira. Imayimira kachulukidwe kakanthawi kochepa ka photon komwe kangathe kuyezedwa ndi chowunikira chowunikira. Mtengo wake ukhoza kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe magwiridwe antchito a chowunikira chawavelength cha siginecha yowunikira (monga kutentha kozungulira, kukondera, ndi zina). Kukula kwa bandwidth ya detector, kukulirapo kwa malo ojambulira ma siginecha, kumachepetsa phokoso lofanana ndi mphamvu ya NEP, komanso kukwezera kukhudzika kwapadera. Kuzindikira kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa chowunikira kumatanthauza kuti ndikoyenera kuzindikira ma siginecha ofooka kwambiri.
5. Kuchita bwino kwa Quantum Q ndi gawo lina lofunikira la chowunikira chizindikiro. Zimatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero cha "mayankho" owerengeka omwe amapangidwa ndi photomon mu chowunikira ku chiwerengero cha ma photons omwe anachitika pamwamba pa zithunzithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, kwa zowunikira ma siginecha a kuwala zomwe zimagwira ntchito pakupanga ma photon, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwachulukidwe ndi chiŵerengero cha ma photoelectrons otulutsidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa zinthu zopanga chithunzicho kupita ku chiwerengero cha mafotoni a siginecha yoyezedwa yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pamwamba. Mu chojambulira chowunikira chogwiritsa ntchito pn junction semiconductor material ngati zinthu zowonera, kuchuluka kwa chojambuliracho kumawerengeredwa pogawa kuchuluka kwa ma electron hole awiriawiri opangidwa ndi siginecha yoyezetsa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma photons a chochitika. Chiwonetsero china chodziwika bwino cha kuchuluka kwa chowunikira chowunikira ndi njira ya detector's responsivity Rd.
6. Nthawi yoyankhira ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chowonetsera liwiro la kuyankha kwa chojambulira chizindikiro cha kuwala kwa kusintha kwamphamvu kwa chizindikiro choyezera kuwala. Chizindikiro chowunikira chikasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a kugunda kwamphamvu, kulimba kwa siginecha yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa ndi zochita zake pa chojambulira kuyenera "kukwera" kupita ku "nsonga" yofananira pambuyo pa nthawi inayake yoyankha, komanso kuchokera ku " peak" kenako ndikubwerera ku "zero value" yofananira ndi kugunda kwamphamvu. Pofuna kufotokozera kuyankha kwa chojambulira pakusintha kwamphamvu kwa siginecha yoyezera, nthawi yomwe mphamvu ya chizindikiro chamagetsi chopangidwa ndi kugunda kwamagetsi kumakwera kuchokera pamtengo wake wapamwamba kwambiri wa 10% mpaka 90% imatchedwa "kukwera". nthawi ", ndi nthawi yomwe chizindikiro cha magetsi chimatulutsa mafunde akugwa kuchokera ku mtengo wake wapamwamba wa 90% mpaka 10% amatchedwa "nthawi yakugwa" kapena "nthawi yowonongeka".
7. Responce linearity ndi chizindikiro china chofunikira chomwe chimasonyeza mgwirizano wogwira ntchito pakati pa kuyankha kwa chowunikira chowunikira ndi mphamvu ya chochitikacho kuyeza chizindikiro cha kuwala. Zimafunika linanena bungwe lachowunikira chizindikiro cha kuwalakukhala molingana mkati mwamitundu ina yamphamvu ya siginecha yoyezedwa ya kuwala. Nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzidwa kuti kupatuka kwa kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa-zotulutsa zomwe zili mkati mwamitundu yodziwika yamphamvu yamphamvu yamagetsi ndiyo kuyankha kwa chowunikira chowunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-12-2024