Mtundu wa kapangidwe kake

Mtundu waChipangizo cha PhotodeTectorsitilakichala
Chithunzindi chipangizo chomwe chimatembenuza chizindikiro cham'magetsi m'magetsi, kapangidwe kake ndi mitundu, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
(1) Photoondictive Photodtector
Zipangizo zamafuta a Phocokondomung zimayatsidwa ndi kuwala, onyamula zithunzi akuwonjezeka mayendedwe awo ndipo amachepetsa kukana kwawo. Zovala zomwe zakhala zikusangalatsidwa ndi kutentha kwa chipinda kumayenda motsogozedwa ndi gawo lamagetsi, motero kungopanga zamakono. Pansi pa mkhalidwe wa kuwala, ma elekitoni amasangalala ndikusintha. Nthawi yomweyo, amayenda pansi pa gawo lamagetsi kuti apange njira. Chomera chomwe chimakhala chopanda tanthauzo chimawonjezera chitsimikizo cha chipangizocho ndikuchepetsa kukana kukana. Zithunzi za Photokondomtectors nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa phindu lalikulu ndikumayamikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito, koma sangathe kuyankha zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri, kotero kuti liwiro la kuyankha limasachedwa, lomwe limalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zina.

(2)PNYCONDETECECTER
Pn chithunzidtector imapangidwa ndi kulumikizana pakati pa p-mtundu semiconductor zinthu ndi n-mtundu semiconductor. Kulumikizana kukhazikitsidwa, zinthu ziwirizo zili m'malo osiyana. Mulingo wa Fermi mu p-mtundu wa Semiconductor ali pafupi ndi mphepete mwa bandi ya valence, pomwe milingo ya Fermi mu n-mtundu wa semiconductor ili pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa gulu lowonjezera. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mtundu wa n-mtundu wa gulu lowonjezerapo kumasunthidwa pansi mpaka kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ziwirizi zomwe zili pamalo omwewo. Kusintha kwa malo ophatikizira a comporactice ndi band valencem amaphatikizidwanso ndi kuwerama kwa gululi. Kulumikizana kwa PN ndikufanana ndi mulingo wa Fermi. Kuyambira gawo la kusanthula kwapadera, onyamula katundu ambiri omwe ali m'magulu a P-Imment ali mabowo, pomwe ambiri a onyamula m'magulu a N-Zithunzi ndi ma elekitoni. Zipangizo ziwirizi zikulumikizana, chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe zimanyamula, ma elekitoni mu zinthu za N-Zithunzi za P-Mtundu wa ma elekitoni mu N-Zigawo za N-Zing'onozikulu zimasokoneza mabowo. Malo osasunthika asiyidwa ndi mawonekedwe a ma elekinons ndi mabowo amapangika pamagetsi onyamula, ndipo njira yoyendetsedwa ndi ma pn Kuyenda ndi zero. Mphamvu zamkati.
Pamene PN medicy ikawonetsedwa kuwunika kwa ma radiation, mphamvu ya Photon imasamutsidwa kwa wonyamula, ndipo onyamula zithunzi, ndiye kuti, ma elekitironi ojambula, amapangidwa. Pansi pa gawo lamagetsi, electron ndi bowo imayamba kufika kudera la N n dera limodzi motsatira, ndipo njira yoyendetsedwa ndi yonyamula zithunzi imatulutsa byverment. Uwu ndiye mfundo yoyambirira ya PN Junction Chithunzi.

(3)Pini chithunzi
Pin Phondodediode ndi mawonekedwe a P-Typectic and n-mtundu wazosanjikiza pakati pa ine, zomwe ndimasamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kapena zotsika kwambiri. Makina ake ndi ofanana ndi pn cholumikizira, pomwe pinnict imadziwika ndi ma radiation a elekitironi, ndipo onyamula magetsi oyenda, ndipo onyamula magetsi amapatulidwa. Udindo womwe unkaseweredwa ndi wosanjikiza ndimakula m'lifupi mwake, ndipo nditasanjidwa kwathunthu pansi pa magetsi akuluakulu, ndipo ma elekitironi a Interron-bad Onyamula kunja kwa ine ndi wosanjikiza amasonkhanitsidwa ndi kuchotsa kwa madzi osokoneza bongo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe apansi. Makulidwe a ine omwe ndimasamba ndiocheperako, ndipo cholinga chake ndikusintha mwachangu chofufumitsa.

(4)Photodtectoravanche Feckodide
Makina aavanche Feckodidendizofanana ndi za PN. Photodtecttectoct apdtector imagwiritsa ntchito ma pn mankhwala a PN, magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito potengera a Action ndi akulu, ndipo kukombeza kwakukulu kumawonjezeredwa mkati mwa acd, ndipo kukonzekera kwa kugwirizanitsa kumachitika mkati mwa acd, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amawonjezeka. APD akakhala munjira yosinthira, gawo lamagetsi m'matumba ozizira lidzakhala lamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo onyamula zithunzi omwe amapangidwa ndi kuwala Pali mwayi woti ma elekitoni adzaphulika m'chipindachi panthawiyi, kupangitsa ma elekinoloni mualitiyo kuti akhale ainozere. Izi zikubwerezedwanso mobwerezabwereza, ndipo ma ayoni a ionizent amalumikizananso ndi chitolirochi, chomwe chimapangitsa chiwerengero cha onyamula omwe a APD kuti chiwonjezere, chomwe chimadzetsa kwambiri. Ndi njira yapaderayi yakuthupi ili mkati mwa apd yomwe imawunikira yomwe imapezeka nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe othamanga mwachangu, phindu lalikulu laposachedwa komanso chidwi chachikulu. Poyerekeza ndi PN Junction ndi PIN Junction, Apd ali ndi liwiro loyankha mwachangu, lomwe ndi liwiro loyankha bwino kwambiri pakati pa machubu a zithunzi zaphindu.

(5) Schottky Junction Photodetector
Kapangidwe koyambira kwa Schottky Junction Photodetect ndi daides ya SKOttky, yomwe magetsi omwe amafotokozera pamwambapa, ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe osakirana. Pamene chitsulo chokhala ndi ntchito yayikulu ndi semiconductor ndi ntchito yotsika yantchito, chotchinga cha SchOtky chimapangidwa, ndipo matenda omwe ali ndi vuto ndi gawo la schittky. Njira yayikulu ili yofanana ndi yofanana ndi PN meniction, lembani zigawo ziwiri, chifukwa cha zinthu ziwiri zamitundu iwiri, chifukwa cha semiconductor ya ziwalozo zidzakhala ndi pakati. Magetsi ophatikizika amadziunjikira mosalekeza kumapeto kwa chitsulo, ndikuwononga gawo lamagetsi kuchokera ku semiconduct kupita ku zitsulo zolumikizirana, ndipo kusuntha kwa chonyamula kudzachitika Scottky Junction. Pansi pa Kuwala, dera lotchinga mwachindunji ndikupanga ma elekitironi - onyamula mabowo, pomwe onyamula zithunzi omwe ali mkati mwa PNGET PERCECE AYENSE KUYAMBIRA KUTI MUTSITSE MALO OGULITSIRA. Poyerekeza ndi PN menction, chithunzicho chotengera ku Scottky Junction ali ndi liwiro loyankha mwachangu, ndipo liwiro la kuyankha limatha kufika pamlingo wa NS.