Silicon photonics yogwira ntchito

Silicon photonics yogwira ntchito

Zithunzi zogwira ntchito za Photonics zimatanthawuza makamaka kuyanjana kokhazikika pakati pa kuwala ndi zinthu. Chigawo chodziwika bwino cha ma photonics ndi makina opangira kuwala. Zonse zaposachedwa za siliconoptical modulatorszimatengera plasma free chonyamulira zotsatira. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi aulere ndi mabowo muzinthu za silicon pogwiritsa ntchito doping, njira zamagetsi kapena zowonera zimatha kusintha index yake yovuta ya refractive, njira yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mu equations (1,2) yopezedwa ndi data yoyenera kuchokera ku Soref ndi Bennett pamtunda wa 1550 nanometers. . Poyerekeza ndi ma elekitironi, mabowo amayambitsa gawo lalikulu lakusintha kwenikweni komanso kongoganizirako, ndiye kuti, amatha kupanga kusintha kwakukulu pakusintha kotayika, koteroMach-Zehnder modulatorsndi ring modulators, nthawi zambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo kupangagawo modulators.

Zosiyanasiyanasilicon (Si) modulatorMitundu ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 10A. Mu chonyamulira jakisoni chonyamulira, kuwala kumapezeka mu silicon wamkati mkati mwa mphambano ya pini yotakata kwambiri, ndipo ma elekitironi ndi mabowo amabayidwa. Komabe, ma modulators otere amachedwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi bandwidth ya 500 MHz, chifukwa ma elekitironi aulere ndi mabowo amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti agwirizanenso atabaya. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati variable optical attenuator (VOA) osati modulator. Mu chonyamulira chochepetsera chonyamulira, gawo lowala limakhala mumsewu wopapatiza wa pn, ndipo m'lifupi mwake m'lifupi la pn junction limasinthidwa ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi. Modulator iyi imatha kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa 50Gb/s, koma imakhala ndi kutayika kwakukulu koyikira kumbuyo. Vpil wamba ndi 2 V-cm. Modulator ya metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) (kwenikweni semiconductor-oxide-semiconductor) imakhala ndi wosanjikiza wopyapyala wa okusayidi pamphambano ya pn. Zimalola kuti zonyamulira zina zonyamulira komanso kuchepa kwa chonyamulira, kulola VπL yaying'ono pafupifupi 0.2 V-cm, koma ili ndi vuto la kutayika kwakukulu kwa kuwala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba pa kutalika kwa unit. Kuphatikiza apo, pali SiGe magetsi absorption modulators kutengera SiGe (silicon Germanium alloy) band edge movement. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma graphene modulators omwe amadalira graphene kusinthana pakati pa zitsulo zoyamwa ndi zotsekera zowonekera. Izi zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa ntchito zamakina osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse kuthamanga kwambiri, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma sign optical modulation.

Chithunzi 10: (A) Chithunzi chozungulira chamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya silicon-based optical modulator ndi (B) chithunzi chapakatikati cha mapangidwe a optical detector.

Zowunikira zingapo zochokera ku silicon zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 10B. Zomwe zimayamwa ndi germanium (Ge). Ge amatha kuyamwa kuwala pamafunde mpaka pafupifupi ma microns 1.6. Chowonetsedwa kumanzere ndi mapini ochita bwino kwambiri masiku ano. Amapangidwa ndi silicon yamtundu wa P yomwe Ge imamera. Ge ndi Si ali ndi 4% lattice mismatch, ndipo pofuna kuchepetsa kusuntha, wosanjikiza woonda wa SiGe umayamba kukula ngati wosanjikiza. Doping yamtundu wa N imachitika pamwamba pa Ge wosanjikiza. Fotodiode yachitsulo-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ikuwonetsedwa pakati, ndi APD (Avalanche Photodetector) ikuwonetsedwa kumanja. Dera la avalanche ku APD lili ku Si, lomwe lili ndi phokoso lochepa poyerekeza ndi dera la avalanche mu Gulu III-V zoyambira.

Pakalipano, palibe mayankho omwe ali ndi ubwino wodziwikiratu pakuphatikiza phindu la kuwala ndi silicon photonics. Chithunzi 11 chikuwonetsa zosankha zingapo zomwe zingathe kukonzedwa ndi mulingo wa msonkhano. Kumanzere kumanzere ndi kuphatikiza kwa monolithic komwe kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito epitaxially grow germanium (Ge) monga optical gain material, erbium-doped (Er) glass waveguides (monga Al2O3, yomwe imafuna kupopa kwa kuwala), ndi epitaxially grow gallium arsenide (GaAs). ) madontho a quantum. Mzere wotsatira ndi wafer to wafer msonkhano, wophatikiza oxide ndi organic bonding mu gawo la III-V gulu lopindula. Mzere wotsatira ndi msonkhano wa chip-to-wafer, womwe umaphatikizapo kuyika chip cha gulu la III-V mkatikati mwa silicon wafer ndikukonza mawonekedwe a waveguide. Ubwino wa njira iyi ndime zitatu zoyambirira ndikuti chipangizocho chikhoza kuyesedwa mokwanira mkati mwa chophika chisanayambe kudula. Gawo lakumanja kwambiri ndi msonkhano wa chip-to-chip, kuphatikiza kulumikiza mwachindunji kwa tchipisi ta silicon ku tchipisi ta gulu la III-V, komanso kulumikizana ndi ma lens ndi ma grating couplers. Zomwe zimapita kuzinthu zamalonda zikuyenda kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere kwa tchati kupita ku mayankho ophatikizika komanso ophatikizika.

Chithunzi 11: Momwe kupindula kwa kuwala kumaphatikizidwira muzithunzi za silicon-based photonics. Pamene mukuyenda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, malo opangira zopangira pang'onopang'ono amabwerera mmbuyo.