Photonic Integrated circuit (PIC) dongosolo lazinthu

Photonic Integrated circuit (PIC) dongosolo lazinthu

Silicon photonics ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opangidwa ndi silicon kuti awongolere kuwala kuti akwaniritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Timayang'ana kwambiri apa pakugwiritsa ntchito ma silicon photonics popanga ma transmitters ndi zolandilira zama fiber optic kulumikizana. Pomwe kufunikira kowonjezera kufalitsa kowonjezereka pa bandwidth yomwe wapatsidwa, chopondapo choperekedwa, ndi mtengo woperekedwa ukuwonjezeka, ma silicon photonics amakhala abwino kwambiri pazachuma. Kwa mbali ya kuwala,Photonic Integrated Technologyziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ma transceivers ambiri ogwirizana masiku ano amamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma modulators a LiNbO3/ planar light-wave circuit (PLC) ndi olandila a InP/PLC.

Chithunzi 1: Ikuwonetsa machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC).

Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa machitidwe otchuka kwambiri a PIC. Kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja pali silicon-based silica PIC (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti PLC), silicon-based insulator PIC (silicon photonics), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), ndi gulu la III-V PIC, monga InP ndi GaAs. Pepalali limayang'ana kwambiri pazithunzi za silicon-based photonics. Musilicon photonics, chizindikiro cha kuwala chimayenda makamaka mu silicon, yomwe ili ndi kusiyana kwa 1.12 electron volts (yokhala ndi kutalika kwa ma microns 1.1). Silikoni amakula ngati makhiristo oyera m'ng'anjo ndikudulidwa kukhala zowotcha, zomwe masiku ano zimakhala ndi mainchesi 300 mm. Pamwamba pake pali okosijeni kuti apange silika wosanjikiza. Chimodzi mwa zowotchazo chimaphulitsidwa ndi maatomu a haidrojeni mpaka kuya kwina. Zophika ziwirizi zimaphatikizidwa mu vacuum ndipo zigawo zawo za oxide zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Msonkhanowo umasweka motsatira mzere wa hydrogen ion implantation. Silicon wosanjikiza pa mng'aluyo amapukutidwa, kenako ndikusiya wosanjikiza wopyapyala wa crystalline Si pamwamba pa chowotcha cha silicon "chogwira" pamwamba pa silika. Mawaveguide amapangidwa kuchokera ku crystalline wosanjikiza woonda. Ngakhale zowotcha za silicon-based insulator (SOI) zimapangitsa kuti ma silicon photonics waveguide otayika pang'ono atheke, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo amphamvu a CMOS amphamvu chifukwa cha kutsika kochepa komwe amapereka.

Pali mitundu yambiri yotheka ya silicon-based optical waveguides, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2. Amachokera ku microscale germanium-doped silica waveguides to nanoscale Silicon Wire waveguides. Mwa kuphatikiza germanium, ndizotheka kupangama photodetectorsndi kuyamwa magetsimodulators, ndipo mwinanso ma amplifiers owoneka bwino. Ndi silicon doping, anOptical modulezitha kupangidwa. Pansi kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ndi: silicon wire waveguide, silicon nitride waveguide, silicon oxynitride waveguide, thick silicon ridge waveguide, thin silicon nitride waveguide ndi doped silicon waveguide. Pamwamba, kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, pali ma modulators akutha, ma germanium photodetectors, ndi germanium.optical amplifiers.

Chithunzi 2: Gawo lodutsa pamndandanda wamawonekedwe a silicon-based optical waveguide, omwe akuwonetsa kutayika komwe kumafalikira komanso ma indices a refractive.