Dongosolo la zinthu la Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC)

Dongosolo la zinthu la Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC)

Silicon photonics ndi gawo lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opangidwa ndi zinthu za silicon kuti liwongolere kuwala kuti likwaniritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pano tikuyang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma silicon photonics popanga ma transmitter ndi ma receiver a fiber optic communications. Pamene kufunika kowonjezera ma transmissions ambiri pa bandwidth inayake, malo enaake, ndi mtengo wina ukukwera, ma silicon photonics amakhala abwino kwambiri. Pa gawo la kuwala,ukadaulo wophatikiza zithunziziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ma transceiver ambiri ogwirizana masiku ano amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma modulators osiyana a LiNbO3/planar light-wave circuit (PLC) ndi ma InP/PLC receivers.

Chithunzi 1: Chikuwonetsa machitidwe ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri a photonic integrated circuit (PIC).

Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa makina otchuka kwambiri a zinthu za PIC. Kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja kuli silica PIC yochokera ku silicon (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti PLC), insulator yochokera ku silicon PIC (silicon photonics), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), ndi gulu la III-V PIC, monga InP ndi GaAs. Pepalali likuyang'ana kwambiri pa photonics yochokera ku silicon. Muzithunzi za silicon, chizindikiro cha kuwala chimayenda makamaka mu silicon, yomwe ili ndi mpata wosalunjika wa ma electron volts 1.12 (ndi kutalika kwa ma microns 1.1). Silicon imakula ngati ma crystals oyera m'mauvuni kenako n’kudulidwa kukhala ma wafers, omwe masiku ano nthawi zambiri amakhala 300 mm m'mimba mwake. Pamwamba pa wafer imasungunuka kuti ipange silica layer. Limodzi mwa ma wafers limapakidwa ma atomu a haidrojeni mpaka kuzama kwina. Ma wafers awiriwa amaphatikizidwa mu vacuum ndipo zigawo zawo za oxide zimalumikizana. Kusonkhanako kumasweka motsatira mzere wolowetsera ma hydrogen ion. Kenako silicon layer yomwe ili pamng'alu imapukutidwa, kenako n’kusiya crystalline Si yopyapyala pamwamba pa silicon "handle" wafer pamwamba pa silica layer. Ma waveguides amapangidwa kuchokera ku crystalline layer yopyapyala iyi. Ngakhale ma wafers awa a silicon-based insulator (SOI) amapangitsa kuti ma waveguides a silicon photonics otsika kwambiri atheke, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo a CMOS amphamvu chifukwa cha mphamvu yochepa yomwe amapereka.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma waveguides opangidwa ndi silicon, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2. Amachokera ku ma waveguides a silica opangidwa ndi microscale germanium mpaka ma waveguides a Silicon Wire a nanoscale. Mwa kusakaniza germanium, n'zotheka kupangama photodetectorsndi kuyamwa kwa magetsima modulators, ndipo mwina ngakhale ma amplifiers optical. Pogwiritsa ntchito silicon, amodulator yowalaZingapangidwe. Pansi kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja ndi: silicon wire waveguide, silicon nitride waveguide, silicon oxynitride waveguide, thick silicon ridge waveguide, thin silicon nitride waveguide ndi doped silicon waveguide. Pamwamba, kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja, pali zowongolera mpweya, germanium photodetectors, ndi germaniumma amplifiers a kuwala.

Chithunzi 2: Gawo lozungulira la mndandanda wa mafunde opangidwa ndi silicon, kuwonetsa kutayika kwa kufalikira kwa mafunde ndi zizindikiro za refractive.