Ma amplifiers a kuwala m'munda wa kulumikizana kwa ulusi wa kuwala

Ma amplifiers a kuwala m'munda wa kulumikizana kwa ulusi wa kuwala

An chokulitsa kuwalandi chipangizo chomwe chimakulitsa zizindikiro za kuwala. Pankhani yolumikizirana ndi ulusi wa kuwala, imagwira ntchito izi: 1. Kukulitsa ndi kukulitsa mphamvu ya kuwala. Mwa kuyika amplifier ya kuwala kumapeto kwa chotumizira cha kuwala, mphamvu ya kuwala yolowa mu ulusiyo imatha kuwonjezeka. 2. Kukulitsa kwa relay pa intaneti, m'malo mwa ma Repeaters omwe alipo kale mu machitidwe olumikizirana ndi ulusi wa kuwala; 3. Kukulitsa: Chithunzi chowunikira chisanafike kumapeto kolandirira, chizindikiro chofooka cha kuwala chimakulitsidwa kale kuti chiwonjezere kukhudzidwa kolandirira.

Pakadali pano, ma amplifiers a Optical omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi fiber ya Optical amaphatikizapo mitundu iyi: 1. Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA Optical amplifier)/Semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA Optical amplifier); 2. Zokulitsa ulusi zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri, monga zokulitsa ulusi zomwe zili ndi nyambo (EDFA Optical amplifier), ndi zina zotero. 3. Zokulitsa ulusi zopanda mzere, monga zokulitsa ulusi wa Raman, ndi zina zotero. Izi ndi mawu oyamba mwachidule motsatana.

1. Ma amplifiers a Semiconductor: Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito komanso ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a nkhope, ma laser a semiconductor amatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma amplifiers a semiconductor optical. Ngati mphamvu yoyendetsera ya laser ya semiconductor ili yotsika kuposa malire ake, ndiko kuti, palibe laser yomwe imapangidwa, panthawiyi, chizindikiro cha kuwala chimalowetsedwa kumapeto amodzi. Bola ngati pafupipafupi chizindikiro ichi cha kuwala chili pafupi ndi pakati pa laser, chidzakulitsidwa ndikutuluka kuchokera kumapeto ena. Mtundu uwu wasemiconductor kuwala amplifierimatchedwa Fabry-Perrop type optical amplifier (FP-SLA). Ngati laser ili ndi malire pamwamba pa malire, chizindikiro chofooka cha single-mode optical input kuchokera kumapeto amodzi, bola ngati pafupipafupi ya chizindikiro ichi cha optical chili mkati mwa multimode laser iyi, chizindikiro cha optical chidzakulitsidwa ndikutsekedwa ku mtundu winawake. Mtundu uwu wa optical amplifier umatchedwa injection-locked type amplifier (IL-SLA). Ngati malekezero awiri a semiconductor laser ali ndi galasi kapena kusungunuka ndi filimu yotsutsana ndi kuwunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti emissivity yake ikhale yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo singathe kupanga Fabry-Perrow resonant cavity, chizindikiro cha optical chikadutsa mu active waveguide layer, chidzakulitsidwa pamene mukuyenda. Chifukwa chake, mtundu uwu wa optical amplifier umatchedwa traveling wave type optical amplifier (TW-SLA), ndipo kapangidwe kake kakuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chotsatirachi. Chifukwa chakuti bandwidth ya traveling wave type optical amplifier ndi yayikulu katatu kuposa ya Fabry-Perot type amplifier, ndipo bandwidth yake ya 3dB imatha kufika 10THz, imatha kukulitsa ma signal a optical a ma frequency osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi optical amplifier yodalirika kwambiri.

2. Chojambulira cha ulusi chopangidwa ndi nyambo: Chili ndi magawo atatu: Choyamba ndi ulusi wopangidwa ndi doped wokhala ndi kutalika kuyambira mamita angapo mpaka mamita makumi. Zonyansazi makamaka ndi ma ayoni a dziko lapansi osowa, omwe amapanga zinthu zoyambitsa laser; Chachiwiri ndi gwero la pampu ya laser, lomwe limapereka mphamvu ya mafunde oyenera kuti lisangalatse ma ayoni a dziko lapansi osowa kuti akwaniritse kukulitsa kwa kuwala. Chachitatu ndi cholumikizira, chomwe chimalola kuwala kwa pampu ndi kuwala kwa chizindikiro kuti zigwirizane ndi zinthu zoyambitsa ulusi wopangidwa ndi doped. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya chojambulira ulusi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi ya laser yolimba. Imayambitsa mkhalidwe wogawa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mkati mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi laser ndipo imapanga kuwala kolimbikitsidwa. Kuti pakhale mkhalidwe wokhazikika wa kugawa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mphamvu zoposa ziwiri ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kusintha kwa kuwala, nthawi zambiri machitidwe a magawo atatu ndi anayi, ndi mphamvu yopitilira kuchokera ku gwero la pampu. Kuti apereke mphamvu moyenera, kutalika kwa mafunde a pampu ya photon kuyenera kukhala kochepa kuposa kwa photon ya laser, ndiko kuti, mphamvu ya photon ya pampu iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa ya photon ya laser. Kuphatikiza apo, malo olumikizirana a resonant amapanga mayankho abwino, motero amplifier ya laser ikhoza kupangidwa.

3. Ma amplifiers a ulusi wosalunjika: Ma amplifiers a ulusi wosalunjika ndi ma amplifiers a ulusi wa erbium ali m'gulu la ma amplifiers a ulusi wa quartz. Komabe, woyamba amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya ulusi wa quartz wosalunjika, pomwe wachiwiri amagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa quartz wopangidwa ndi erbium kuti agwire ntchito pa media yogwira ntchito. Ulusi wamba wa quartz optical umapanga zotsatira zolimba zosalunjika pansi pa mphamvu ya kuwala kwamphamvu kwa ma wavelength oyenera, monga stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), ndi zotsatira zosakaniza ma wave anayi. Chizindikiro chikatumizidwa pamodzi ndi ulusi wa optical pamodzi ndi kuwala kwa pampu, kuwala kwa chizindikiro kumatha kukulitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, amapanga ma amplifiers a ulusi wa Raman (FRA), ma amplifiers a Brillouin (FBA), ndi ma parametric amplifiers, onse omwe ndi ma amplifiers a ulusi wogawidwa.

Chidule: Njira yodziwika bwino yopangira ma amplifiers onse opangidwa ndi kuwala ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu, komanso phokoso lochepa.