Chowunikira chotsika cha infrared avalanche photodetector

Malo otsika a infraredPhotodetector ya avalanche

The infrared avalanche photodetector (APD Photodetector) ndi kalasi yazida za semiconductor photoelectriczomwe zimabweretsa kupindula kwakukulu chifukwa cha kugunda kwa ionization, kuti mukwaniritse kuzindikira kwa ma photon ochepa kapena ma photon amodzi. Komabe, m'mapangidwe amtundu wa APD photodetector, njira yobalalitsa yosagwirizana ndi chonyamulira imayambitsa kutayika kwa mphamvu, kotero kuti chiwonongeko cha voteji nthawi zambiri chiyenera kufika ku 50-200 V. Izi zimayika zofuna zapamwamba pa galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi kuwerenga dera kamangidwe, kuonjezera ndalama ndi kuchepetsa ntchito zambiri.

Posachedwapa, kafukufuku waku China wakonza njira yatsopano ya avalanche pafupi ndi chowunikira cha infrared chokhala ndi magetsi otsika kwambiri komanso kumva kwambiri. Kutengera kudzipangira pawokha doping homojunction ya wosanjikiza wa atomiki, avalanche photodetector imathetsa kubalalika koyipa komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha vuto la mawonekedwe lomwe silingalephereke mu heterojunction. Pakadali pano, gawo lamagetsi lamphamvu la "nsonga" lomwe limapangidwa ndi kusweka kwa symmetry kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wa coulomb pakati pa zonyamulira, kupondereza mawonekedwe a phonon omwe amamwaza kwambiri, ndikukwaniritsa kuwirikiza kawiri kwa zonyamulira zosafanana. Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, mphamvu ya pakhomo ili pafupi ndi malire ongoyerekeza mwachitsanzo (Mwachitsanzo ndi kusiyana kwa gulu la semiconductor) ndi kuzindikira kwa chowunikira cha infrared avalanche kufika ku 10000 photon level.

Kafukufukuyu adachokera pa atomu-layer self-doped tungsten diselenide (WSe₂) homojunction (two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide, TMD) ngati njira yopezera ndalama zonyamula ma avaloni onyamula. Kuphwanya kwapang'onopang'ono kwa symmetry kumatheka popanga kusintha kwa topography kuti kupangitse malo amagetsi a "spike" amphamvu pa mawonekedwe a mutant homojunction.

Kuphatikiza apo, makulidwe a atomiki amatha kupondereza njira yobalalitsira yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi phonon mode, ndikuzindikira kuthamangitsa ndi kuchulukitsa kwa chonyamulira chosagwirizana ndi kutayika kochepa kwambiri. Izi zimabweretsa mphamvu ya chigumukire kutentha kwa chipinda pafupi ndi malire ongoyerekeza, monga semiconductor material bandgap mwachitsanzo. Mphamvu ya avalanche inachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 50 V kufika ku 1.6 V, kulola ofufuzawo kugwiritsa ntchito mabwalo okhwima otsika kwambiri a digito kuyendetsa chigumukire.Photodetectorkomanso ma diode oyendetsa ndi ma transistors. Kafukufukuyu akuzindikira kutembenuka koyenera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zonyamula mphamvu kudzera mu kapangidwe kake kakuchulukirachulukira kocheperako, komwe kumapereka malingaliro atsopano pakukula kwa m'badwo wotsatira wa ukadaulo wozindikira kwambiri, wotsika kwambiri komanso wopeza bwino kwambiri.