Chiyambi, mtundu wa photon counting linear avalanche photodetector

Chiyambi, mtundu wowerengera mafotoniLinear Avalanche Photodetector

Ukadaulo wowerengera wa Photon utha kukulitsa siginecha ya fotoni kuti igonjetse phokoso lowerengera la zida zamagetsi, ndikujambulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma photon omwe amatuluka ndi chojambulira munthawi inayake pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe achilengedwe a chowunikira chotulutsa chizindikiro chamagetsi pansi pa kuwala kofooka. , ndikuwerengera chidziwitso cha chandamale choyezedwa molingana ndi mtengo wa mita ya photon. Pofuna kuzindikira kuwala kofooka kwambiri, zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi mphamvu yozindikira mafotoni zaphunziridwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana. A solid state avalanche photodiode (APD Photodetector) ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamkati yamafotoelectric kuti izindikire kuwala. Poyerekeza ndi vacuum zipangizo, olimba-boma zipangizo ndi ubwino zoonekeratu poyankhira liwiro, mdima kuwerengera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, voliyumu ndi maginito tilinazo mphamvu, etc. Asayansi achita kafukufuku zochokera olimba boma APD photon kuwerengera kujambula luso.

Chipangizo cha APD Photodetectorili ndi Geiger mode (GM) ndi linear mode (LM) njira ziwiri zogwirira ntchito, ukadaulo wamakono wa APD photon wowerengera umagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha Geiger APD. Zida za Geiger mode APD zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pamlingo wa photon imodzi komanso kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa makumi a nanoseconds kuti mupeze kulondola kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, Geiger mode APD ili ndi mavuto ena monga detector dead time, low detector performance, lalikulu optical crossword ndi low space resolution, kotero ndizovuta kukhathamiritsa kutsutsana pakati pa kudziwika kwakukulu ndi kutsika kwa alamu yonyenga. Zowerengera za Photon zochokera pazida zopanda phokoso za HgCdTe APD zimagwira ntchito motsatira mzere, zilibe nthawi yakufa komanso zoletsa zopingasa, zilibe ma pulse okhudzana ndi Geiger mode, safuna mabwalo ozizimitsa, okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, otakata. ndi mtundu wa mayankho owoneka bwino, ndipo ukhoza kukonzedwa paokha kuti uzindikire bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa mawerengedwe abodza. Imatsegula gawo latsopano logwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zowerengera ma infrared photon, ndi njira yofunikira yopangira zida zowerengera mafotoni, ndipo ili ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunika zakuthambo, kulumikizana kwa mlengalenga mwaulere, kuyerekezera kwachangu komanso kosagwira ntchito, kutsatira m'mphepete ndi zina zotero.

Mfundo yowerengera mafotoni pazida za HgCdTe APD

Zipangizo za APD photodetector zochokera ku HgCdTe zipangizo zimatha kuphimba mafunde osiyanasiyana, ndipo ma ionization coefficients a ma electron ndi mabowo ndi osiyana kwambiri (onani Chithunzi 1 (a)). Amawonetsa njira imodzi yochulukitsira chonyamulira mkati mwa utali wodulidwa wa 1.3 ~ 11 µm. Palibe phokoso lambiri (poyerekeza ndi phokoso lambiri FSi~2-3 la zida za Si APD ndi FIII-V~4-5 ya zida za banja la III-V (onani Chithunzi 1 (b)), kuti chizindikiro- chiŵerengero cha phokoso la zipangizo pafupifupi sichimatsika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa phindu, komwe ndi infuraredi yabwinoPhotodetector ya avalanche.

CHITH. 1 (a) Ubale pakati pa ionization coefficient ratio ya mercury cadmium telluride material ndi chigawo x cha Cd; (b) Kuyerekeza kwa phokoso lambiri F la zida za APD ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana

Ukadaulo wowerengera wa Photon ndiukadaulo watsopano womwe umatha kutulutsa ma siginecha owoneka kuchokera kuphokoso lotentha pothetsa ma pulse a photoelectron opangidwa ndiPhotodetectoratalandira photon imodzi. Popeza chizindikiro chowala chotsika chimabalalika kwambiri munthawi yanthawi, kutulutsa kwamagetsi ndi chowunikira kumakhala kwachilengedwe komanso kosiyana. Malingana ndi khalidwe ili la kuwala kofooka, kuwonjezereka kwa pulse, tsankho la pulse ndi njira zowerengera digito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zizindikire kuwala kofooka kwambiri. Ukadaulo wamakono wowerengera ma photon uli ndi zabwino zambiri, monga chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha ma signal-to-phokoso, kusankhana kwakukulu, kuyeza kulondola kwambiri, anti-drift yabwino, kukhazikika kwa nthawi yabwino, ndipo imatha kutulutsa deta ku kompyuta ngati chizindikiro cha digito kuti mufufuze motsatira. ndi kukonza, zomwe sizingafanane ndi njira zina zodziwira. Pakalipano, njira yowerengera ma photon yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa mafakitale ndi kuyang'ana kwa kuwala kochepa, monga optics nonlinear, molecular biology, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, photometry ya zakuthambo, muyeso wa kuipitsidwa kwa mlengalenga, ndi zina zotero. pakupeza ndi kuzindikira zizindikiro zofooka za kuwala. The mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodetector ilibe phokoso lochulukirapo, pamene phindu likuwonjezeka, chiŵerengero cha signal-to-noise sichiwola, ndipo palibe nthawi yakufa ndi zoletsa zapambuyo pa pulse zokhudzana ndi zipangizo za Geiger avalanche, zomwe ziri zoyenera kwambiri. kugwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kwa photon, ndipo ndi njira yofunikira yopangira zida zowerengera mafoto mtsogolo.