Magawo ofunikira ofotokozera magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo la laser

1. Kutalika kwa mafunde (gawo: nm mpaka μm)

Thekutalika kwa nthawi ya laserikuyimira kutalika kwa mafunde a maginito omwe amanyamulidwa ndi laser. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya kuwala, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chalaserNdi yakuti ndi ya monochromatic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutalika kwa mafunde ake ndi koyera kwambiri ndipo ili ndi ma frequency amodzi okha odziwika bwino.

Kusiyana pakati pa ma wavelength osiyanasiyana a laser:

Kutalika kwa laser yofiira nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 630nm-680nm, ndipo kuwala komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi kofiira, ndipo ndi laser yodziwika kwambiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wa kuwala kwachipatala, ndi zina zotero);

Kutalika kwa mafunde a laser yobiriwira nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 532nm, (makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito laser, ndi zina zotero);

Kutalika kwa kuwala kwa laser yabuluu nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 400nm-500nm (makamaka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni ya laser);

Laser ya Uv pakati pa 350nm-400nm (yogwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu biomedicine);

Laser ya infrared ndi yapadera kwambiri, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, mafunde a infrared laser nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 700nm-1mm. Mzere wa infrared ukhoza kugawidwanso m'magulu atatu ang'onoang'ono: pafupi ndi infrared (NIR), pakati pa infrared (MIR) ndi far infrared (FIR). Mafunde a near-infrared ndi pafupifupi 750nm-1400nm, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polankhulana ndi ulusi wa kuwala, kujambula zamankhwala ndi zida zowonera usiku za infrared.

2. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu (gawo: W kapena J)

Mphamvu ya laserimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mphamvu yotulutsa ya laser yopitilira (CW) kapena mphamvu yapakati ya laser yozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, ma laser ozungulira amadziwika kuti mphamvu yawo yozungulira imafanana ndi mphamvu yapakati komanso yosiyana ndi liwiro lobwerezabwereza la kugunda kwa mtima, ndipo ma laser okhala ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu zambiri nthawi zambiri amapanga kutentha kwambiri.

Ma laser ambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe a Gaussian beam, kotero kuwala ndi flux zonse zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri pa optical axis ya laser ndipo zimachepa pamene kusiyana kuchokera ku optical axis kumawonjezeka. Ma laser ena ali ndi mawonekedwe a flat-top beam omwe, mosiyana ndi Gaussian beams, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a irradiance okhazikika kudutsa gawo la laser beam komanso kuchepa mwachangu kwa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, ma laser a flat-top alibe kuwala kwa peak. Mphamvu yayikulu ya Gaussian beam ndi kawiri kuposa ya flat-top beam yokhala ndi mphamvu yofanana.

3. Kutalika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (gawo: fs mpaka ms)

Kutalika kwa kugunda kwa laser (monga m'lifupi mwa kugunda kwa mtima) ndi nthawi yomwe laser imatenga kuti ifike theka la mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya kuwala (FWHM).

 

4. Kubwerezabwereza (gawo: Hz mpaka MHz)

Kuchuluka kwa kubwerezabwereza kwalaser yozungulira(mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa ma pulse repetition rate) kumafotokoza kuchuluka kwa ma pulse omwe amatulutsidwa pa sekondi imodzi, kutanthauza kuti, kusinthasintha kwa nthawi ya pulse space. Kuchuluka kwa ma curse kumakhala kofanana ndi mphamvu ya pulse komanso kofanana ndi mphamvu yapakati. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa ma curse nthawi zambiri kumadalira laser gain medium, nthawi zambiri, kubwerezabwereza kumatha kusinthidwa. Kuchuluka kwa ma curse frequency kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kochepa pamwamba ndi cholinga chomaliza cha laser optical element, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zitenthe mwachangu.

5. Kusiyana (gawo lachizolowezi: mrad)

Ngakhale kuti kuwala kwa laser nthawi zambiri kumaganiziridwa kuti kumazungulira, nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi kusiyana kwina, komwe kumafotokoza momwe kuwalako kumasinthira mtunda wowonjezereka kuchokera m'chiuno cha kuwala kwa laser chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kuwala. Mu ntchito zomwe zili ndi mtunda wautali wogwirira ntchito, monga machitidwe a liDAR, komwe zinthu zingakhale kutali ndi makina a laser, kusiyana kumakhala vuto lofunika kwambiri.

6. Kukula kwa malo (gawo: μm)

Kukula kwa malo a kuwala kwa laser komwe kumawunikira kumafotokoza kukula kwa kuwala komwe kuli pamalo owunikira a dongosolo la lens. Mu ntchito zambiri, monga kukonza zinthu ndi opaleshoni yachipatala, cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa malo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ikhale yochulukirapo ndipo zimathandiza kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Ma lens a aspherical nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa magalasi achikhalidwe ozungulira kuti achepetse kusokonekera kwa mawonekedwe ozungulira ndikupanga kukula kochepa kwa malo owunikira.

7. Mtunda wogwirira ntchito (gawo: μm mpaka m)

Mtunda wogwirira ntchito wa makina a laser nthawi zambiri umatanthauzidwa ngati mtunda weniweni kuchokera ku chinthu chomaliza chowunikira (nthawi zambiri lenzi yowunikira) kupita ku chinthu kapena pamwamba pomwe laser imayang'ana. Ntchito zina, monga ma laser azachipatala, nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuchepetsa mtunda wogwirira ntchito, pomwe zina, monga kuzindikira kutali, nthawi zambiri zimafuna kukulitsa mtunda wogwirira ntchito.