Zofunikira zowonetsera machitidwe a laser system

1. Wavelength (gawo: nm mpaka μm)

Thelaser wavelengthimayimira kutalika kwa mafunde a electromagnetic onyamulidwa ndi laser. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya kuwala, mbali yofunika yalaserndikuti ndi monochromatic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutalika kwake ndi koyera kwambiri ndipo kumakhala ndi maulendo amodzi okha odziwika bwino.

Kusiyana pakati pa mafunde osiyanasiyana a laser:

Kutalika kwa laser yofiira nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 630nm-680nm, ndipo kuwala komwe kumatulutsa kumakhala kofiira, komanso ndi laser yodziwika bwino (makamaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuwala kwachipatala, etc.);

Kutalika kwa laser wobiriwira nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 532nm, (makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa laser kuyambira, etc.);

Buluu laser wavelength zambiri pakati 400nm-500nm (makamaka ntchito opaleshoni laser);

Uv laser pakati 350nm-400nm (makamaka ntchito biomedicine);

Laser infrared ndiye yapadera kwambiri, malinga ndi kutalika kwa mafunde ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, kutalika kwa laser ya infrared nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 700nm-1mm. Gulu la infrared litha kugawidwanso m'magulu atatu: pafupi ndi infrared (NIR), infrared yapakati (MIR) ndi kutali infrared (FIR). Mafunde apafupi ndi infrared wavelength ndi pafupifupi 750nm-1400nm, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizana ndi fiber optical, imaging biomedical and infrared night vision.

2. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu (gawo: W kapena J)

Mphamvu ya laseramagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mphamvu ya kuwala kwa laser continuous wave (CW) kapena mphamvu yapakati ya laser pulsed. Kuphatikiza apo, ma pulsed lasers amadziwika kuti mphamvu zawo zimayenderana ndi mphamvu yapakati komanso mosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kubwereza kwa kugunda, ndipo ma laser okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso mphamvu nthawi zambiri amatulutsa kutentha kwambiri.

Miyendo yambiri ya laser imakhala ndi mbiri ya mtengo wa Gaussian, kotero kuti kuwala ndi kusinthasintha zonse zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri pamtunda wa laser ndipo zimachepa pamene kupatuka kwa optical axis kumawonjezeka. Ma lasers ena ali ndi ma profiles osalala omwe, mosiyana ndi mizati ya Gaussian, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika pamtunda wa mtanda wa laser ndikutsika mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, ma lasers apamwamba kwambiri alibe kuwala kwapamwamba. Mphamvu yapamwamba ya mtengo wa Gaussian ndi yowirikiza kawiri ya mtengo wathyathyathya wokhala ndi mphamvu zofanana.

3. Kutalika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (gawo: fs mpaka ms)

Kutalika kwa laser pulse (ie pulse width) ndi nthawi yomwe imatengera kuti laser ifike theka la mphamvu yaikulu ya kuwala (FWHM).

 

4. Mulingo wobwereza (gawo: Hz mpaka MHz)

Mlingo wobwereza alaser pulsed(mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima) kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa kugunda komwe kumatulutsa pa sekondi imodzi, ndiko kuti, kubwereza kwa nthawi yotsatizana kugunda kwapakati. Mlingo wobwerezabwereza umagwirizana mosagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya pulse komanso molingana ndi mphamvu yapakati. Ngakhale kubwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri kumadalira njira yopezera laser, nthawi zambiri, kubwerezabwereza kumatha kusinthidwa. Kubwereza kopitilira muyeso kumapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayifupi yopumula kumtunda komanso kuyang'ana komaliza kwa chinthu cha laser optical, chomwe chimatsogolera kutenthetsa mwachangu kwa zinthu.

5. Divergence (gawo lofananira: mrad)

Ngakhale matabwa a laser nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti amalumikizana, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi kusiyana kwina, komwe kumafotokoza momwe mtengowo umapatukira pamtunda wokulirapo kuchokera m'chiuno cha mtengo wa laser chifukwa cha kusokonezeka. M'mapulogalamu okhala ndi mtunda wautali wogwirira ntchito, monga machitidwe a liDAR, pomwe zinthu zitha kukhala mazana a mita kutali ndi makina a laser, kusiyana kumakhala vuto lofunikira kwambiri.

6. Kukula kwa malo (gawo: μm)

Kukula kwa malo a mtengo wolunjika wa laser kumatanthawuza kukula kwa mtengowo pakatikati pa dongosolo la lens loyang'ana. Mu ntchito zambiri, monga kukonza zinthu ndi opaleshoni yachipatala, cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa malo. Izi zimakulitsa kachulukidwe ka mphamvu ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Magalasi a aspherical amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa magalasi achikhalidwe ozungulira kuti achepetse kutembenuka kozungulira ndikupanga malo ocheperako.

7. Mtunda wogwirira ntchito (gawo: μm mpaka m)

Mtunda wogwirira ntchito wa dongosolo la laser nthawi zambiri umatanthauzidwa ngati mtunda wakuthupi kuchokera ku chinthu chomaliza cha kuwala (nthawi zambiri lens yolunjika) kupita ku chinthu kapena pamwamba pomwe laser imayang'ana. Ntchito zina, monga ma laser azachipatala, nthawi zambiri amafuna kuchepetsa mtunda wogwirira ntchito, pomwe ena, monga zowonera patali, nthawi zambiri amafuna kukulitsa mtunda wogwirira ntchito.