Nanolaser ndi mtundu wa chipangizo chaching'ono ndi chaching'ono chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zina monga nanowire ngati resonator ndipo chimatha kutulutsa laser pansi pa photoexcitation kapena electric excitation. Kukula kwa laser iyi nthawi zambiri kumakhala ma microns mazana ambiri kapena ma microns makumi ambiri, ndipo kukula kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi nanometer, yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira la chiwonetsero cha filimu yopyapyala mtsogolo, ma optics ophatikizika ndi magawo ena.
Gulu la nanolaser:
1. Laza ya nanowire
Mu 2001, ofufuza ku Yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, ku United States, adapanga laser yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - nanolaser - pa waya wa nanooptic gawo limodzi mwa chikwi chimodzi cha kutalika kwa tsitsi la munthu. Laser iyi sikuti imangotulutsa ma laser a ultraviolet, komanso imatha kusinthidwa kuti itulutse ma laser kuyambira pabuluu mpaka ku ultraviolet yozama. Ofufuzawa adagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino yotchedwa oriented epiphytation kuti apange laser kuchokera ku makristalo oyera a zinc oxide. Choyamba "adakulitsa" ma nanowaya, kutanthauza kuti, adapangidwa pa golide wokhala ndi mainchesi a 20nm mpaka 150nm ndi kutalika kwa mawaya oyera a zinc oxide a 10,000 nm. Kenako, ofufuzawo atayambitsa makristalo oyera a zinc oxide mu ma nanowaya ndi laser ina pansi pa greenhouse, makristalo oyera a zinc oxide adatulutsa laser yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 17nm kokha. Ma nanolaser otere amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mankhwala ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yosungira chidziwitso cha ma disks amakompyuta ndi makompyuta a photonic.
2. Ultraviolet nanolaser
Pambuyo pa kubwera kwa ma micro-laser, ma micro-disk laser, ma micro-ring laser, ndi ma quantum avalanche lasers, katswiri wa zamankhwala Yang Peidong ndi anzake ku University of California, Berkeley, adapanga ma nanolaser otentha m'chipinda. Nanolaser iyi ya zinc oxide imatha kutulutsa laser yokhala ndi mzere wochepera 0.3nm ndi kutalika kwa 385nm pansi pa kuwala, komwe kumaonedwa kuti ndi laser yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso imodzi mwa zida zoyambirira zogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology. Pa gawo loyambirira la chitukuko, ofufuza adaneneratu kuti nanolaser iyi ya ZnO ndi yosavuta kupanga, kuwala kwakukulu, kukula kochepa, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi ofanana kapena abwino kuposa ma GaN blue lasers. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kopanga ma nanowire arrays apamwamba, ma ZnO nanolasers amatha kulowa muzinthu zambiri zomwe sizingatheke ndi zida za GaAs zamasiku ano. Kuti akule ma laser otere, nanowire ya ZnO imapangidwa ndi njira yoyendera mpweya yomwe imalimbikitsa kukula kwa kristalo ya epitaxial. Choyamba, gawo la safiro limakutidwa ndi filimu yagolide yokhuthala ya 1 nm ~ 3.5nm, kenako limayikidwa pa boti la alumina, zinthuzo ndi gawolo zimatenthedwa kufika pa 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C mu madzi a ammonia kuti apange nthunzi ya Zn, kenako nthunzi ya Zn imatumizidwa ku gawolo. Mawaya ang'onoang'ono a 2μm ~ 10μm okhala ndi malo opingasa a hexagonal adapangidwa mu njira yokulira ya mphindi 2 ~ 10. Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti waya wa ZnO amapanga malo achilengedwe a laser okhala ndi mainchesi a 20nm mpaka 150nm, ndipo ambiri (95%) a mainchesi ake ndi 70nm mpaka 100nm. Kuti aphunzire kutulutsa kwa mawaya ang'onoang'ono, ofufuzawo adapopera chitsanzocho mu greenhouse ndi mphamvu yachinayi ya harmonic ya laser ya Nd:YAG (mafunde a 266nm, m'lifupi mwa 3ns). Panthawi ya kusintha kwa emission spectrum, kuwala kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya pampu. Pamene kupitirira malire a waya wa ZnO (pafupifupi 40kW/cm), malo okwera kwambiri adzawonekera mu spectrum yotulutsa mpweya. M'lifupi mwa mzere wa malo okwera kwambiriwa ndi ochepera 0.3nm, omwe ndi ochepera 1/50 kuposa m'lifupi mwa mzere kuchokera ku vertex yotulutsa mpweya pansi pa malire. M'lifupi mwa mizere yopapatizayi komanso kuwonjezeka kwachangu kwa mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya kunapangitsa ofufuzawo kunena kuti kutulutsa mpweya kolimbikitsidwa kumachitikadi mu waya wa nano. Chifukwa chake, mzere wa nanowire uwu ukhoza kugwira ntchito ngati resonator yachilengedwe motero kukhala gwero labwino kwambiri la micro laser. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti nanolaser iyi yafupi-wavelength ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magawo a optical computing, kusunga chidziwitso ndi nanoanalyzer.
3. Ma laser a chitsime cha quantum
Mu 2010 isanafike komanso pambuyo pake, m'lifupi mwa mzere womwe walembedwa pa semiconductor chip udzafika 100nm kapena kuchepera, ndipo padzakhala ma elekitironi ochepa okha omwe akuyenda mu dera, ndipo kuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa elekitironi kudzakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a dera. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ma laser a quantum well anabadwa. Mu quantum mechanics, malo omwe amaletsa kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi ndikuwawerengera amatchedwa quantum well. Quantum constraint iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga quantum energy levels mu active layer ya semiconductor laser, kotero kuti kusintha kwamagetsi pakati pa milingo ya mphamvu kumalamulira radiation yosangalatsa ya laser, yomwe ndi quantum well laser. Pali mitundu iwiri ya quantum well lasers: quantum line lasers ndi quantum dot lasers.
① Laser ya mzere wa Quantum
Asayansi apanga ma laser a quantum wire omwe ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuwirikiza ka 1,000 kuposa ma laser achikhalidwe, zomwe zatenga gawo lalikulu pakupanga makompyuta ndi zida zolumikizirana mwachangu. Laser iyi, yomwe imatha kuwonjezera liwiro la mawu, makanema, intaneti ndi njira zina zolumikizirana kudzera pa ma network a fiber-optic, idapangidwa ndi asayansi ku Yale University, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS ku New Jersey ndi Max Planck Institute for Physics ku Dresden, Germany. Ma laser amphamvu kwambiri awa amachepetsa kufunikira kwa ma Repeaters okwera mtengo, omwe amayikidwa pamtunda wa makilomita 80 (makilomita 50) aliwonse pamzere wolumikizirana, ndikupanganso ma pulse a laser omwe sali amphamvu kwambiri akamayenda kudzera mu fiber (Repeaters).
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-15-2023