Nanolaser ndi mtundu wa chipangizo chaching'ono ndi cha nano chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ma nanomatadium monga nanowire ngati chowunikira ndipo chimatha kutulutsa laser pansi pa photoexcitation kapena kusangalala kwamagetsi. Kukula kwa laser iyi nthawi zambiri kumakhala mazana a ma microns kapena makumi a ma microns, ndipo m'mimba mwake mpaka ku dongosolo la nanometer, lomwe ndi gawo lofunikira la filimu yopyapyala yamtsogolo, ma optics ophatikizika ndi magawo ena.
Gulu la nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
Mu 2001, ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, ku United States, adapanga laser yaing'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - nanolasers - pa waya wa nanooptic gawo limodzi mwa chikwi cha utali wa tsitsi la munthu. Laser iyi sikuti imangotulutsa ma ultraviolet lasers, komanso imatha kusinthidwa kuti itulutse ma lasers kuyambira buluu kupita ku ultraviolet yakuya. Ofufuzawa adagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino yotchedwa oriented epiphytation kuti apange laser kuchokera ku makhiristo a zinc oxide. Iwo poyamba "cultured" nanowires, ndiko kuti, anapanga pa golide wosanjikiza ndi awiri a 20nm kuti 150nm ndi kutalika kwa 10,000 nm koyera zinc oxide mawaya. Kenako, ofufuza atayambitsa makhiristo oyera a zinc oxide mu nanowires ndi laser ina pansi pa wowonjezera kutentha, makhiristo oyera a zinc oxide adatulutsa laser yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 17nm yokha. Ma nanolaser oterowo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mankhwala ndikusintha mphamvu zosungira zidziwitso zama disks apakompyuta ndi makompyuta apakompyuta.
2. Ultraviolet nanolaser
Kutsatira kubwera kwa ma laser ang'onoang'ono, ma laser-disk lasers, ma laser ang'onoang'ono, ndi ma quantum avalanche lasers, katswiri wamankhwala Yang Peidong ndi anzawo ku Yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, adapanga nanolasers kutentha kwachipinda. Zinc oxide nanolaser iyi imatha kutulutsa laser yokhala ndi mizere yochepera 0.3nm ndi kutalika kwa 385nm pansi pa chisangalalo chowala, chomwe chimatengedwa kuti ndi laser yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso imodzi mwa zida zoyambira zomwe zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology. Mu gawo loyambirira lachitukuko, ochita kafukufuku adaneneratu kuti ZnO nanolaser ndi yosavuta kupanga, yowala kwambiri, yaying'ono, ndipo magwiridwe ake ndi ofanana kapena abwino kuposa ma laser a buluu a GaN. Chifukwa cha luso lopanga ma nanowire arrays apamwamba kwambiri, ZnO nanolasers akhoza kulowa ntchito zambiri zomwe sizingatheke ndi zipangizo zamakono za GaAs. Pofuna kukulitsa ma laser otere, ZnO nanowire imapangidwa ndi njira yoyendera gasi yomwe imathandizira kukula kwa kristalo wa epitaxial. Choyamba, safiro gawo lapansi wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza 1 nm ~ 3.5nm wandiweyani filimu golide, ndiyeno kuziyika pa bwato aluminiyamu, zakuthupi ndi gawo lapansi ndi usavutike mtima kwa 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C mu otaya ammonia kutulutsa. Zn nthunzi, ndiyeno nthunzi ya Zn imatengedwa kupita ku gawo lapansi. Nanowires wa 2μm ~ 10μm ndi hexagonal mtanda-gawo linapangidwa mu kukula ndondomeko 2min ~ 10min. Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti ZnO nanowire imapanga chibowo chachilengedwe cha laser chokhala ndi mainchesi 20nm mpaka 150nm, ndipo ambiri (95%) ake awiri ndi 70nm mpaka 100nm. Kuti aphunzire kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa nanowires, ofufuzawo adapopera chitsanzocho mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi chachinayi chotulutsa laser cha Nd:YAG (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse wide). Pakusintha kwa sipekitiramu yotulutsa, kuwala kumakhala kolemala ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mpope. Pamene lasing idutsa pakhomo la ZnO nanowire (pafupifupi 40kW/cm), malo okwera kwambiri adzawonekera mu sipekitiramu yotulutsa. Mzere wa mzere wa mfundo zapamwambazi ndi wocheperapo 0.3nm, womwe ndi wocheperapo 1/50 kuposa m'lifupi mwake kuchokera ku vertex yotulutsa kumunsi kwa pakhomo. Mizere yaying'ono iyi komanso kukwera mwachangu kwamphamvu kwamafuta kudapangitsa ofufuzawo kunena kuti kutulutsa kolimbikitsa kumachitikadi mu nanowires. Chifukwa chake, gulu ili la nanowire limatha kukhala ngati chowunikira chachilengedwe ndipo motero kukhala gwero labwino la laser. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti nanolaser yaifupi-wavelength iyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'minda ya optical computing, yosungirako zambiri ndi nanoanalyzer.
3. Quantum bwino lasers
Chaka cha 2010 chisanafike ndi pambuyo pake, m'lifupi mwa mzere wokhazikika pa chipangizo cha semiconductor chidzafika 100nm kapena kucheperapo, ndipo padzakhala ma elekitironi ochepa omwe akuyenda mozungulira, ndipo kuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa electron kudzakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya magetsi. dera. Kuti athetse vutoli, ma lasers a quantum bwino adabadwa. Mu quantum mechanics, gawo lomwe lingathe kuletsa kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi ndikuwawerengera limatchedwa chitsime cha quantum. Kuletsa kwachulukidwe uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga milingo yamphamvu ya quantum mu gawo logwira ntchito la semiconductor laser, kotero kuti kusintha kwamagetsi pakati pa milingo yamphamvu kumayang'anira ma radiation osangalatsa a laser, yomwe ndi laser quantum bwino. Pali mitundu iwiri ya quantum well lasers: quantum line lasers ndi quantum dot lasers.
① Quantum line laser
Asayansi apanga ma quantum wire lasers omwe ali amphamvu kuwirikiza ka 1,000 kuposa ma laser achikhalidwe, akutenga gawo lalikulu pakupanga makompyuta othamanga ndi zida zolumikizirana. Laser, yomwe imatha kuwonjezera liwiro la audio, kanema, intaneti ndi njira zina zoyankhulirana pamaneti opangira fiber-optic, idapangidwa ndi asayansi ku Yale University, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS ku New Jersey ndi Max Planck Institute for Physics ku Dresden, Germany. Ma laser amphamvu kwambiri awa amachepetsa kufunika kwa Obwereza okwera mtengo, omwe amaikidwa pa 80km iliyonse (50 miles) motsatira njira yolumikizirana, ndikupanganso ma pulse a laser omwe sakhala olimba kwambiri akamadutsa mu fiber (Repeaters).
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-15-2023